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Author SHA1 Message Date
James Turk
e7d57eefd8 final for quarter 2024-12-14 14:17:33 -06:00
James Turk
603a0b8d4c 19 2024-11-30 17:06:38 -06:00
James Turk
dea7029598 updates 2024-11-19 18:07:13 -06:00
James Turk
987d203eba 17 2024-11-18 11:04:17 -06:00
James Turk
1058709c03 testing notebook 2024-11-18 10:15:54 -06:00
James Turk
3a8136e22c hashtables & updates 2024-11-18 09:45:21 -06:00
James Turk
ce4e78cabf data structures 2024-11-08 22:22:18 -06:00
James Turk
53ee3577a1 from pres 2024-11-08 22:22:09 -06:00
James Turk
4a0ac4a74b 14 2024-11-04 14:26:13 -06:00
James Turk
acefb913f4 PDM 2024-11-04 14:24:06 -06:00
15 changed files with 228650 additions and 86 deletions
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84
11.exceptions.ipynb
View File

@ -235,18 +235,21 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "5022b7c8-a19f-45cb-9d40-58abc48de961",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "SyntaxError",
"evalue": "expected 'except' or 'finally' block (572013031.py, line 6)",
"ename": "NameError",
"evalue": "name 'd' is not defined",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;36m Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[10], line 6\u001b[0;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m print(\"hello\")\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m expected 'except' or 'finally' block\n"
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[5], line 5\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m b \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m#c = a / b\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(\u001b[43md\u001b[49m)\n\u001b[1;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mlast line of try\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m 7\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mZeroDivisionError\u001b[39;00m:\n",
"\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'd' is not defined"
]
}
],
@ -254,11 +257,14 @@
"try:\n",
" a = 3\n",
" b = 0\n",
" c = a / b\n",
" #c = a / b\n",
" print(d)\n",
" print(\"last line of try\")\n",
"except ZeroDivisionError:\n",
" c = 0\n",
" print(f\"can't divide by zero, set c = {c}\")\n",
"#except NameError:\n",
"# print(\"used unknown name\")\n",
"print(\"and then this happens\")"
]
},
@ -274,7 +280,7 @@
"```python\n",
"# multiple except blocks for different behaviors\n",
"try:\n",
" something():\n",
" something()\n",
"except ValueError:\n",
" ...\n",
"except IndexError:\n",
@ -284,7 +290,7 @@
"```python\n",
"# one block w/ multiple types in a tuple\n",
"try:\n",
" something()\n",
" somthing()\n",
"except (ValueError, IndexError, KeyError): # tuple of return values\n",
" ...\n",
"```\n",
@ -293,9 +299,10 @@
"# base exception type, use sparingly\n",
"try:\n",
" something()\n",
"except ArithmeticError: # catches all errors derived from ArithmeticError\n",
" ...\n",
"except Exception: # catches all runtime exceptions\n",
" ...\n",
"except ArithmeticError: # catches all errors derived from ArithmeticError\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"\n",
@ -328,7 +335,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "fd6d0e12-eae2-466e-8536-db5d246091f0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
@ -341,7 +348,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"execution_count": 20,
"id": "58c691a9-14ed-4fe1-9b0d-eb9b52a4d44d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
@ -351,7 +358,7 @@
"9"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
@ -362,25 +369,42 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"execution_count": 27,
"id": "5fd8e7ee-53c6-4cd1-8748-cd66f06da9ac",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "ValueError",
"evalue": "f requires a positive argument",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[11], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[43mf\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m-\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m1\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[9], line 3\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mf\u001b[0;34m(positive)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mf\u001b[39m(positive):\n\u001b[1;32m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m positive \u001b[38;5;241m<\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mValueError\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mf requires a positive argument\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m positive \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m positive\n",
"\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: f requires a positive argument"
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"got an error: f requires a positive argument\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"f(-1)"
"try:\n",
" y = f(-1)\n",
"except ValueError as exc:\n",
" y = 0\n",
" print(\"got an error: \", exc)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"id": "769fb253-ae47-4e47-a6fd-9a37e1ef3d5e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(y)"
]
},
{
@ -404,6 +428,7 @@
"source": [
"class InvalidColor(Exception):\n",
" \"\"\" This exception is raised when an invalid color is passed. \"\"\"\n",
" pass\n",
"\n",
"VALID_COLORS = (...)\n",
"\n",
@ -448,7 +473,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"execution_count": 30,
"id": "320d3309-099a-4f2e-9096-983101bfc157",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
@ -456,21 +481,22 @@
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"got a value error error message\n",
"else executed\n",
"always prints at the end\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" #pass\n",
" raise ValueError(\"error message\")\n",
" 1 / 2\n",
"except ValueError as e:\n",
" print(\"got a value error\", e)\n",
" print(\"got a value error:\", e)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(\"got some other error:\", type(e), e)\n",
"else:\n",
" print(\"no exception raised\")\n",
" print(\"else executed\")\n",
"finally:\n",
" print(\"always prints at the end\")"
" print(\"always prints at the end\")\n"
]
},
{

364
12.inheritance.ipynb
View File

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "feaa69a2",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
" self.year = 1\n",
" self.major = \"Undeclared\"\n",
" self.course_grades = {}\n",
" self.extracurriculars = []\n",
" \n",
" def add_grade(self, course_name, grade):\n",
" self.course_grades[course_name] = grade\n",
@ -55,7 +56,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"execution_count": 45,
"id": "c410fb1d",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -70,7 +71,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"execution_count": 46,
"id": "f9deab26",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -80,8 +81,8 @@
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Student(name=Adam, id=1, gpa=0)\n",
"Student(name=Beth, id=2, gpa=3.65)\n"
"Student(name=Adam, id=8, gpa=0)\n",
"Student(name=Beth, id=9, gpa=3.65)\n"
]
}
],
@ -168,7 +169,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"execution_count": 49,
"id": "47f7dfc9",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -187,7 +188,8 @@
" \n",
" # overrides parent's add_grade\n",
" def add_grade(self, course_name, grade):\n",
" print(\"Sorry, you cannot add grades to Alums\")\n",
" raise NotImplementedError(\"cannot add grades to Alum\")\n",
" #print(\"Sorry, you cannot add grades to Alums\")\n",
" # we choose not call super().add_grade here\n",
" \n",
" # overrides parent's __repr__\n",
@ -200,7 +202,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"execution_count": 51,
"id": "4811b0fd",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -210,9 +212,8 @@
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Student(name=Charlie, id=3, gpa=0) is an alum\n",
"6 years since graduation\n",
"Sorry, you cannot add grades to Alums\n"
"Student(name=Charlie, id=13, gpa=0) is an alum\n",
"6 years since graduation\n"
]
},
{
@ -221,7 +222,7 @@
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
@ -230,13 +231,13 @@
"alum1 = Alum(\"Charlie\", 2016)\n",
"print(alum1)\n",
"print(alum1.years_since_graduation(2022), \"years since graduation\")\n",
"alum1.add_grade(\"Python\", \"B\")\n",
"#alum1.add_grade(\"Python\", \"B\")\n",
"alum1.gpa"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"execution_count": 54,
"id": "18a75666-9986-4e2b-9d55-ec0e0b9e930d",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -248,13 +249,27 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"execution_count": 56,
"id": "b6719a36-b827-4373-87e0-23714438b83f",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'Alum' and 'Alum'",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[56], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[43malum1\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m+\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43malum2\u001b[49m\n",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'Alum' and 'Alum'"
]
}
],
"source": [
"alum1 + alum2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
@ -278,7 +293,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "a46d5b02",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -290,7 +305,7 @@
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
@ -301,12 +316,23 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "d3596a45-2c00-4541-910d-08251d3f9c5f",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# same as?\n",
"type(7) == int"
@ -314,7 +340,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "eaa8b6db-e7df-4137-b4c8-67dfa0be06d5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
@ -324,7 +350,7 @@
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
@ -335,7 +361,28 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"execution_count": 57,
"id": "9cfc8480-ecca-4f80-9dfe-70a655bc5b3c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 57,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"isinstance(7, object)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"id": "0e50f7bc-541e-4fec-9cd6-ad708f312831",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
@ -345,32 +392,75 @@
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# isinstance checks the inheritance hierarchy \n",
"isinstance(7, object)"
"isinstance(alum2, object)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"execution_count": 64,
"id": "34e491d5-ac5c-4dc9-b059-491e0f0f73b0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 64,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(alum2) == Student"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 65,
"id": "cd55fd8d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"isinstance([1, 2, 3], list)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"execution_count": 17,
"id": "feb9f2ac",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"s1 = Student(\"Sarah\")\n",
"isinstance(s1, Student)"
@ -378,10 +468,21 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"execution_count": 18,
"id": "e6a2f3b1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# child classes are instances of parent types\n",
"alum1 = Alum(\"Charlie\", 2016)\n",
@ -390,10 +491,21 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"execution_count": 19,
"id": "8f759efb",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# but not vice-versa\n",
"isinstance(s1, Alum)"
@ -401,7 +513,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"execution_count": 20,
"id": "1d52b927",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -414,7 +526,7 @@
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[15], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# takes class names\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;43missubclass\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43malum1\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mStudent\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[20], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# takes class names\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;43missubclass\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43malum1\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mStudent\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: issubclass() arg 1 must be a class"
]
}
@ -426,7 +538,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"execution_count": 22,
"id": "a71ee1cb",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -435,16 +547,16 @@
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"issubclass(Student, Alum)"
"issubclass(Alum, Student)"
]
},
{
@ -478,7 +590,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"execution_count": 66,
"id": "1d4e00ca",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -488,7 +600,7 @@
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Help on Alum in module __main__ object:\n",
"Help on class Alum in module __main__:\n",
"\n",
"class Alum(Student)\n",
" | Alum(name, grad_year)\n",
@ -529,13 +641,100 @@
" | ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
" | Data and other attributes inherited from Student:\n",
" | \n",
" | next_id_counter = 5\n",
" | next_id_counter = 16\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"help(alum1)"
"help(Alum)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"id": "45f732f0-2036-416e-a44c-70b99b18a960",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"(__main__.Alum, __main__.Student, object)"
]
},
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"Alum.__mro__"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"id": "592f6930-cf36-4ec1-a4f3-ea1947fa7173",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Help on class super in module builtins:\n",
"\n",
"class super(object)\n",
" | super() -> same as super(__class__, <first argument>)\n",
" | super(type) -> unbound super object\n",
" | super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type)\n",
" | super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type)\n",
" | Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method:\n",
" | class C(B):\n",
" | def meth(self, arg):\n",
" | super().meth(arg)\n",
" | This works for class methods too:\n",
" | class C(B):\n",
" | @classmethod\n",
" | def cmeth(cls, arg):\n",
" | super().cmeth(arg)\n",
" | \n",
" | Methods defined here:\n",
" | \n",
" | __get__(self, instance, owner=None, /)\n",
" | Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.\n",
" | \n",
" | __getattribute__(self, name, /)\n",
" | Return getattr(self, name).\n",
" | \n",
" | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)\n",
" | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.\n",
" | \n",
" | __repr__(self, /)\n",
" | Return repr(self).\n",
" | \n",
" | ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
" | Static methods defined here:\n",
" | \n",
" | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type\n",
" | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.\n",
" | \n",
" | ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
" | Data descriptors defined here:\n",
" | \n",
" | __self__\n",
" | the instance invoking super(); may be None\n",
" | \n",
" | __self_class__\n",
" | the type of the instance invoking super(); may be None\n",
" | \n",
" | __thisclass__\n",
" | the class invoking super()\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"help(super)"
]
},
{
@ -584,12 +783,18 @@
" def __init__(self,x,y):\n",
" self.x = x\n",
" self.y = y \n",
"\n",
" def dot_product(self, other):\n",
" ...\n",
" \n",
"class Vec3:\n",
" def __init__(self,x,y,z):\n",
" self.x = x\n",
" self.y = y \n",
" self.z = z "
" self.z = z \n",
"\n",
" def dot(self, other):\n",
" ..."
]
},
{
@ -606,7 +811,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 43,
"execution_count": 72,
"id": "a2cddb6d",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -615,7 +820,10 @@
"source": [
"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n",
"\n",
"class Vector(ABC): \n",
"class Vector(ABC): \n",
" def print_x(self):\n",
" print(self.x)\n",
" \n",
" @abstractmethod\n",
" def dot_product(self, other):\n",
" pass"
@ -623,7 +831,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 44,
"execution_count": 71,
"id": "a32d26a8",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -631,13 +839,13 @@
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "Can't instantiate abstract class Vector with abstract method dot_product",
"evalue": "Can't instantiate abstract class Vector with abstract methods __repr__, dot_product",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[44], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# we can't instantiate abstract classes\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m v \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mVector\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: Can't instantiate abstract class Vector with abstract method dot_product"
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[71], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# we can't instantiate abstract classes\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m v \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mVector\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: Can't instantiate abstract class Vector with abstract methods __repr__, dot_product"
]
}
],
@ -648,7 +856,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45,
"execution_count": 75,
"id": "5a9ae047",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -675,7 +883,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 46,
"execution_count": 76,
"id": "e25536d1",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -710,6 +918,24 @@
"print(isinstance(v3a, Vector))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 78,
"id": "69ac4241-b251-4485-9ba9-3b0348d82c34",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"v2a.print_x()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
@ -762,7 +988,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
"execution_count": 79,
"id": "4f98cf62-52da-4072-bf5a-da7de3ad9a98",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -793,7 +1019,7 @@
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 54,
"execution_count": 43,
"id": "8faf9c31-33e4-42f1-a8e8-8b72a7f1f96f",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
@ -803,7 +1029,29 @@
"wrench = InventoryItem(\"Wrench\", 12.95, 10)\n",
"hammer = InventoryItem(\"Hammer\", 16, 8)\n",
"nails = InventoryItem(\"Nails\", 0.03, 1000)\n",
"saw = InventoryItem(\"Saw\", 99)"
"saw = InventoryItem(\"Saw\", 99)\n",
"saw2 = InventoryItem(\"Saw\", 99)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 44,
"id": "94f14911-335c-4097-8658-b9a30a70d53b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 44,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"saw == saw2"
]
},
{
@ -884,7 +1132,9 @@
"id": "73195ac4-c0cc-4f8b-8852-2b63168e1713",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
"source": [
"functools."
]
}
],
"metadata": {

886
13.python-data-model.ipynb Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Python Data Model\n",
"\n",
"## Python Data Model\n",
"\n",
"Reference: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html\n",
"\n",
"### StaticArray Example\n",
"\n",
"To demonstrate operator overloading, we'll implement a sequence type seen in other languages known as a *static array*:\n",
"\n",
"- A static array is a sequence type (review: what makes a sequence type) where there is a fixed capacity to number of items the collection can hold.\n",
"\n",
"- Resizing of the array is not allowed after initialization. \n",
"\n",
"- We will define a class ``StaticArray`` that will allow use to use built-in python operators.\n",
"\n",
"We'll be able to use it like this:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
">>> from static_array import StaticArray\n",
">>> sa = StaticArray([1, 2, 3])\n",
">>> print(sa * 2)\n",
"# should produce the following output:\n",
"# [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]\n",
">>> print(sa[1])\n",
"2\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from collections.abc import Iterable\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class StaticArray:\n",
" def __init__(self, init_val, capacity=5):\n",
" if isinstance(init_val, Iterable):\n",
" self.items = list(init_val)\n",
" self.capacity = len(self.items)\n",
" else:\n",
" self.items = [init_val] * capacity\n",
" self.capacity = capacity\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sa = StaticArray([1, 2, 3])\n",
"print(sa)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sa = StaticArray(0, 5)\n",
"print(sa)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# we can fix that by defining a __repr__ method\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class StaticArray:\n",
" def __init__(self, init_val, capacity=5):\n",
" if isinstance(init_val, Iterable):\n",
" self.items = list(init_val)\n",
" self.capacity = len(self.items)\n",
" else:\n",
" self.items = [init_val] * capacity\n",
" self.capacity = capacity\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return f\"StaticArray({self.items})\"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"sa = StaticArray([1, 2, 3])\n",
"print(sa)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sa = StaticArray(0, 5)\n",
"print(sa)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Emulating Collections & Sequences\n",
"\n",
"**Collections**\n",
"\n",
"- Have a length: `len(obj)`\n",
"- Can be iterated over: `for item in obj`\n",
"- Can query for membership: `item in obj`\n",
"\n",
"**Sequences**\n",
"\n",
"- Everything a collection can do\n",
"- Can be indexed: `obj[0]`\n",
"\n",
"| You Write... | Python Calls... |\n",
"|--------------|-----------------|\n",
"| `len(obj)` | `obj.__len__()` |\n",
"| `for item in obj` | `obj.__iter__()` |\n",
"| `item in obj` | `obj.__contains__(item)` |\n",
"| `obj[i]` | `obj.__getitem__(i)` |\n",
"| `obj[i] = x` | `obj.__setitem__(i, x)` |\n",
"| `del obj[i]` | `obj.__delitem__(i)` |\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class StaticArray:\n",
" def __init__(self, init_val, capacity=5):\n",
" if isinstance(init_val, Iterable):\n",
" self.items = list(init_val)\n",
" self.capacity = len(self.items)\n",
" else:\n",
" self.items = [init_val] * capacity\n",
" self.capacity = capacity\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return f\"StaticArray({self.items})\"\n",
"\n",
" def __str__(self):\n",
" return f\"StaticArray({self.items})\"\n",
"\n",
" def __len__(self):\n",
" return self.capacity\n",
"\n",
" def __contains__(self, item):\n",
" return item in self.items\n",
"\n",
" def __getitem__(self, index):\n",
" if index >= self.capacity or index < -self.capacity:\n",
" raise IndexError(\"Index out of range\")\n",
" return self.items[index]\n",
"\n",
" def __setitem__(self, index, val):\n",
" if index >= self.capacity or index < -self.capacity:\n",
" raise IndexError(\"Index out of range\")\n",
" self.items[index] = val\n",
"\n",
" def __delitem__(self, index):\n",
" raise NotImplementedError(\"StaticArray does not support deletion\")\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sa = StaticArray([1, \"hi\", 3.14, True])\n",
"len(sa)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"42 in sa\n",
"\"hi\" in sa"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sa[3]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sa[42] = \"hello\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Numeric Operators\n",
"\n",
"| You Write... | Python Calls... |\n",
"|--------------|-----------------|\n",
"| `x + y` | `x.__add__(y)` |\n",
"| `x - y` | `x.__sub__(y)` |\n",
"| `x * y` | `x.__mul__(y)` |\n",
"| `x / y` | `x.__truediv__(y)` |\n",
"| `x // y` | `x.__floordiv__(y)` |\n",
"| `x % y` | `x.__mod__(y)` |\n",
"| `x ** y` | `x.__pow__(y)` |\n",
"| `x @ y` | `x.__matmul__(y)` |\n",
"\n",
"### Reverse / Reflected / Right Operators\n",
"\n",
"| You Write... | Python Calls... |\n",
"|--------------|-----------------|\n",
"| `x + y` | `y.__radd__(x)` |\n",
"| `x - y` | `y.__rsub__(x)` |\n",
"| `x * y` | `y.__rmul__(x)` |\n",
"| `x / y` | `y.__rtruediv__(x)` |\n",
"| `x // y` | `y.__rfloordiv__(x)` |\n",
"| `x % y` | `y.__rmod__(x)` |\n",
"| `x ** y` | `y.__rpow__(x)` |\n",
"| `x @ y` | `y.__rmatmul__(x)` |\n",
"\n",
"![](images/reverse_operators.png)\n",
"\n",
"### Comparison Operators\n",
"\n",
"| You Write... | Python Calls... |\n",
"|--------------|-----------------| \n",
"| `x < y` | `x.__lt__(y)` |\n",
"| `x <= y` | `x.__le__(y)` |\n",
"| `x > y` | `x.__gt__(y)` |\n",
"| `x >= y` | `x.__ge__(y)` |\n",
"| `x == y` | `x.__eq__(y)` |\n",
"| `x != y` | `x.__ne__(y)` |\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"### Iteration\n",
"\n",
"Iterable vs. Iterator (Review)\n",
"\n",
"Objects like lists, tuples, and strings are *iterable*.\n",
"\n",
"To keep track of the position within a given iteration (for loop, calls to `next`), Python uses an *iterator*."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"ll = [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
"iterator = iter(ll)\n",
"print(\"iterator 1 next()\", next(iterator))\n",
"print(\"iterator 1 next()\", next(iterator))\n",
"iterator2 = iter(ll)\n",
"print(\"iterator 2 next()\", next(iterator2))\n",
"print(\"iterator 1 next()\", next(iterator))\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To be iterable, a class needs an `__iter__` method that returns an iterator.\n",
"\n",
"An iterator is an object with a `__next__` method that returns the next item in the iteration. It should raise `StopIteration` when there are no more items.\n",
"\n",
"Common Pattern: If a class only needs to be iterable once, it can return itself as the iterator, thus fulfilling both roles."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"for i in iterable:\n",
" print(i)\n",
"\n",
"iterator = iter(iterable)\n",
"while True:\n",
" print(next(iterator))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class SimpleRange:\n",
" def __init__(self, n):\n",
" self.current = 0\n",
" self.n = n\n",
"\n",
" def __iter__(self):\n",
" print(\"iter has been called\")\n",
" return self\n",
"\n",
" def __next__(self):\n",
" if self.current >= self.n:\n",
" print(\"at the end\")\n",
" raise StopIteration\n",
" else:\n",
" print(f\"next was called, moving {self.current} to {self.current+1}\")\n",
" self.current += 1\n",
" return self.current - 1\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return f\"SimpleRange({self.n}, current={self.current})\"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"iter has been called\n",
"next was called, moving 0 to 1\n",
"iter has been called\n",
"next was called, moving 1 to 2\n",
"0 1\n",
"next was called, moving 2 to 3\n",
"0 2\n",
"at the end\n",
"at the end\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"sr = SimpleRange(3)\n",
"for i in sr:\n",
" for j in sr:\n",
" print(i, j)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sr = SimpleRange(5)\n",
"siter = iter(sr)\n",
"print(siter)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"siter is sr"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"next(siter)\n",
"print(siter)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Iteration Advice \n",
"\n",
"1. Do not implement the ``__next__()`` in a class that should only be an iterable. \n",
"2. In order to support multiple traversals, the iterator must be a seperate object. \n",
"3. A common design pattern is to delegate iteration to a seperate class that is iterable.\n",
"\n",
"For example, defining an ``StaticArrayIterator`` class that is in charge iterating through the objects within an ``StaticArray`` object. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Adding __iter__ to StaticArray\n",
"class StaticArrayIterator:\n",
" def __init__(self, values):\n",
" self.values = values\n",
" self.position = 0\n",
"\n",
" def __next__(self):\n",
" if self.position >= len(self.values):\n",
" raise StopIteration\n",
" item = self.values[self.position]\n",
" self.position += 1\n",
" return item\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return f\"iterating over {self.values}, at position {self.position}\"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# Adding __iter__\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class StaticArray:\n",
" def __init__(self, capacity, initial=None):\n",
" self._items = [initial] * capacity\n",
" self._capacity = capacity\n",
" self._iter_position = 0\n",
"\n",
" @classmethod\n",
" def from_iterable(self, iterable):\n",
" new_array = StaticArray(len(iterable))\n",
" for idx, item in enumerate(iterable):\n",
" new_array._items[idx] = item\n",
" return new_array\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" # __repr__ is the unambiguous string representation\n",
" # of an object\n",
" return f\"StaticArray({self._capacity}, {self._items})\"\n",
"\n",
" def __str__(self):\n",
" return repr(self._items)\n",
"\n",
" # Sequence Operations ####\n",
"\n",
" def __len__(self):\n",
" return self._capacity\n",
"\n",
" def __contains__(self, x):\n",
" return x in self._items\n",
"\n",
" def __getitem__(self, i):\n",
" if i >= self._capacity or i < -self._capacity:\n",
" raise IndexError # an invalid index\n",
" return self._items[i]\n",
"\n",
" def __setitem__(self, i, x):\n",
" if i >= self._capacity or i < -self._capacity:\n",
" raise IndexError # an invalid index\n",
" self._items[i] = x\n",
"\n",
" def __delitem__(self, i):\n",
" raise NotImplementedError(\"Cannot delete from a static array\")\n",
"\n",
" # Iterable Operations ####\n",
" def __iter__(self):\n",
" return StaticArrayIterator(self._items.copy())\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
"1 1\n",
"1 2\n",
"1 3\n",
"1 4\n",
"1 5\n",
"2 1\n",
"2 2\n",
"2 3\n",
"2 4\n",
"2 5\n",
"3 1\n",
"3 2\n",
"3 3\n",
"3 4\n",
"3 5\n",
"4 1\n",
"4 2\n",
"4 3\n",
"4 4\n",
"4 5\n",
"5 1\n",
"5 2\n",
"5 3\n",
"5 4\n",
"5 5\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"sa = StaticArray(5, 2)\n",
"sa[0] = 1\n",
"sa[1] = 2\n",
"sa[2] = 3\n",
"sa[3] = 4\n",
"sa[4] = 5\n",
"print(sa)\n",
"for x in sa:\n",
" for y in sa:\n",
" print(x, y)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"## Context Managers / `with`\n",
"\n",
"We also saw this idea of needing to clean up after ourselves when we used `with` to open files.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"\n",
"with open(filename) as f:\n",
" # do things with f\n",
" g(f)\n",
"# f is guaranteed to be closed even if \n",
"# exceptions are raised within with block\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"### Yet another set of dunder methods..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class DatabaseConnection:\n",
" def __init__(self, username, password):\n",
" # connect to database\n",
" self.username = username\n",
" self.password = password\n",
" self.connected = True\n",
"\n",
" def __enter__(self):\n",
" print(\"__enter__\")\n",
" # must return self!\n",
" return self\n",
"\n",
" def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_traceback):\n",
" print(\"__exit__\")\n",
" if exc_type:\n",
" print(\"rolling back changes\")\n",
" self.connected = False\n",
"\n",
" def query(self, sql):\n",
" print(\"ran query\", sql)\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return f\"Connection connected={self.connected}\"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"db = DatabaseConnection(\"hello\", \"world\")\n",
"db.query(\"SELECT * FROM users;\")\n",
"# do something dangerous\n",
"1 / 0"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# our connection is possibly left in a broken state\n",
"print(db)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"with DatabaseConnection(\"hello\", \"world\") as db:\n",
" # __enter__\n",
" db.query(\"SELECT * from users;\")\n",
" 1 / 0\n",
" # __exit__"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# changes were rolled back, and our connection is safe\n",
"db.connected\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Callable Objects Examples\n",
"\n",
"Functions have a few attributes like `__name__` and `__doc__` that we can use to introspect on them."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"add\n",
"Adds two numbers\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def add(x, y):\n",
" \"\"\"Adds two numbers\"\"\"\n",
" return x + y\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"print(add.__name__)\n",
"print(add.__doc__)\n",
"\n",
"x = add"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x.__name__"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Example:\n",
" def __init__(self, name):\n",
" self.name = name\n",
" self.num_calls = 0\n",
" def __call__(self, **kwargs):\n",
" print(self.num_calls)\n",
" self.num_calls += 1\n",
" print(self.name, \"got\", args)\n",
"\n",
"example = Example(\"one\")\n",
"two = Example(\"two\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"7\n",
"one got (1, 2, 3)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"example(1, 2, 3)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n",
"two got ()\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"two()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"They also have a `__call__` method that allows us to make our own objects callable. For example:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 54,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Memoized:\n",
" def __init__(self, func):\n",
" self.cache = {}\n",
" self.wrapped_func = func\n",
"\n",
" def __call__(self, *args):\n",
" if args not in self.cache:\n",
" self.cache[args] = self.wrapped_func(*args)\n",
" return self.cache[args]\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"running expensive_func\n",
"6\n",
"6\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"@Memoized\n",
"def expensive_func(a, b, c):\n",
" print(\"running expensive_func\")\n",
" return a + b + c\n",
"\n",
"#expensive_func = Memoized(expensive_func)\n",
"\n",
"print(expensive_func(1, 2, 3))\n",
"print(expensive_func(1, 2, 3))\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class PartialFunc:\n",
" # simplified functools.partial\n",
"\n",
" def __init__(self, func, *args, **kwargs):\n",
" self.func = func\n",
" self.args = args\n",
" self.kwargs = kwargs\n",
"\n",
" def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n",
" temp_kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()\n",
" temp_kwargs.update(kwargs)\n",
" return self.func(*(self.args + args), **temp_kwargs)\n",
"\n",
" @property\n",
" def __name__(self):\n",
" return f\"{self.func.__name__}(args={self.args} kwargs={self.kwargs})\"\n",
"\n",
" @property\n",
" def __doc__(self):\n",
" return self.func.__doc__\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def add(x, y):\n",
" \"\"\"Adds two numbers\"\"\"\n",
" return x + y\n",
"\n",
"add_5 = PartialFunc(add, 5)\n",
"print(add_5(10))\n",
"\n",
"print(add_5.__name__)\n",
"print(add_5.__doc__)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.15"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4d5e8ae9-592e-48b1-bf17-9923d267349c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Data Structures: Linked Lists vs. Arrays\n",
"\n",
"This week we're going to look at implementations of core data structures in Python.\n",
"\n",
"We'll start with two different ways to represent sequential data: **linked lists** & **arrays**.\n",
"\n",
"Python's `list` could have chosen either of these, and in some languages like Java or C++ users explicitly choose the implementation most suited to their needs.\n",
"\n",
"## Arrays\n",
"\n",
"Arrays are blocks of contiguous memory. \n",
"\n",
"Each block is the same size, so you can find the memory location of a given block\n",
"via `start_position + (idx * block_size)`. That will give the address of a given block, allowing **O(1)** access to any element.\n",
"\n",
"This means looking up the 0th element takes the same amount of time as the 1,000,00th. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e774f52f-63cc-4dcf-a8ec-e7ed9197f76f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Array:\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" psuedocode class demonstrating array lookup \n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" def __init__(self, size, block_size=8):\n",
" # need a contiguous block of free memory\n",
" self.initial_memory_address = request_memory(amount=size*block_size)\n",
" # each \"cell\" in the array needs to be the same number of bytes\n",
" self.block_size = block_size\n",
" # we need to know how many cells we need\n",
" self.size = size\n",
" \n",
" def __getitem__(self, index):\n",
" return read_from_memory_address(\n",
" self.initial_memory_address + idx * self.block_size\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "fcd44a0c-5fca-4fdb-af1b-b09bb3be5bca",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python's `list` type is internally implemented as an array.\n",
"\n",
"- What happens when we need to grow the list?\n",
"- what does `list.append` do?\n",
"- what does `list.insert(0, 0)` (at the beginning) do?\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3503e142-c26f-4598-8240-a11b9397147b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Linked Lists\n",
"\n",
"An alternative way to store sequential items is by using a linked list.\n",
"\n",
"Linked lists store individual elements and a pointer to the next element. This means that looking up the Nth element requires traversing the entire list.\n",
"\n",
"![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Singly-linked-list.svg/408px-Singly-linked-list.svg.png)\n",
"\n",
"Linked lists can grow without bound, each new node can be allocated on the fly."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "cfb1a2af-b065-43cf-b7b0-3bfb046d9d85",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Node:\n",
" def __init__(self, value, _next=None):\n",
" self.value = value\n",
" self.next = _next\n",
" self.prev = ..\n",
"\n",
"class LinkedList:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" self.root = None\n",
"\n",
" def add(self, value):\n",
" if self.root is None:\n",
" # first value: special case\n",
" self.root = Node(value)\n",
" else:\n",
" cur = self.root\n",
" # traverse to end of list\n",
" while cur.next:\n",
" cur = cur.next\n",
" # drop a new node at the end of list\n",
" cur.next = Node(value)\n",
"\n",
" def __str__(self):\n",
" s = \"\"\n",
" cur = self.root\n",
" while cur:\n",
" s += f\"[{cur.value}] -> \"\n",
" cur = cur.next\n",
" s += \"END\"\n",
" return s"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "2a796778-c06e-4585-b201-07061d25e561",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"[1] -> [3] -> [5] -> [7] -> END\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"ll = LinkedList()\n",
"ll.add(1)\n",
"ll.add(3)\n",
"ll.add(5)\n",
"ll.add(7)\n",
"print(ll)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "99f36edd-93e8-4658-b5cd-41eed7d9b4ce",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Optimizations\n",
"\n",
"Doubly linked lists, and more complicated internal pointer structures can lead to increased performance at cost of more memory/complexity.\n",
"\n",
"(Our first memory vs. runtime trade-off)\n",
"\n",
"`collections.deque` is a doubly linked list implementation in Python.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0bfd80aa-4a8d-465c-9c29-aa1aba55c18c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Linked List vs. Array\n",
"\n",
"**Array**\n",
" \n",
"- Lookup: O(1)\n",
"- Append: O(1) unless at capacity, then expensive O(n) copy\n",
"- Insertion: O(n)\n",
"\n",
"Requires over-allocation of memory to gain efficiency.\n",
"\n",
"**Linked List** \n",
" \n",
"- Lookup: O(n)\n",
"- Append: O(1)\n",
"- Insertion: O(n)\n",
"\n",
"Requires pointer/node structure to gain efficiency."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9465bc5b-8d44-43bf-83c6-5ede55f722f5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Stack\n",
"\n",
"A stack is a last-in-first-out (LIFO) data structure that needs to primarily serve two operations: push, and pop.\n",
"\n",
"Both should be O(1).\n",
"\n",
"### Usage\n",
"\n",
"- Undo/Redo\n",
"- Analogy: stack of plates -- add to/take from the top\n",
"- Call Stacks\n",
"\n",
"Sometimes when we're writing code we talk about \"the stack\", which is the call stack of functions we're in & their scopes.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"\n",
"def f():\n",
" ...\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"def g():\n",
" if ...:\n",
" f()\n",
" else:\n",
" ...\n",
"\n",
"def h():\n",
" y = g()\n",
" ...\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"When we call h(), it is added to the call stack, then g is added, and f is added on top. We return from these functions in LIFO order, f() exits, then g(), then h().\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "6c73e9f9-17e4-4057-b5fb-d169d0db9b96",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Stack:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" self._data = []\n",
"\n",
" def push(self, item):\n",
" # remember: adding/removing at the end of the list is faster than the front\n",
" self._data.append(item)\n",
"\n",
" def pop(self):\n",
" return self._data.pop()\n",
"\n",
" def __len__(self):\n",
" return len(self._data)\n",
"\n",
" def __str__(self):\n",
" return \" TOP -> \" + \"\\n \".join(\n",
" f\"[ {item} ]\" for item in reversed(self._data)\n",
" )\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "1db244c8-9168-4c19-a73c-53a20c48485a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "NameError",
"evalue": "name 'Stack' is not defined",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[6], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m s \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mStack\u001b[49m()\n\u001b[1;32m 2\u001b[0m s\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mpush(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mh()\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\n\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124mcalled h()\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m)\n",
"\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'Stack' is not defined"
]
}
],
"source": [
"s = Stack()\n",
"s.push(\"h()\")\n",
"print('\\ncalled h()')\n",
"print(s)\n",
"print('\\nh called g()')\n",
"s.push(\"g()\")\n",
"print(s)\n",
"print('\\ng called f()')\n",
"s.push(\"f()\")\n",
"print(s)\n",
"print(\"\\nexited\", s.pop())\n",
"print(s)\n",
"print(\"\\nexited\", s.pop())\n",
"print(s)\n",
"print(\"\\nexited\", s.pop())\n",
"print(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "05fefd4e-4701-437b-b7e8-e5566e753708",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Queue\n",
"\n",
"A queue is a first-in-first-out (FIFO) data structure that adds items to one end, and removes them from the other.\n",
"\n",
"We see queues all over the place in everyday life and computing. Most resources are accessed on a FIFO basis."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "4525594e-070b-4bcb-b4c7-a3641f514b2d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class ArrayQueue:\n",
" def __init__(self, _iterable=None):\n",
" if _iterable:\n",
" self._data = list(_iterable)\n",
" else:\n",
" self._data = []\n",
"\n",
" def push(self, item):\n",
" # adding to the end of the list is faster than the front\n",
" self._data.append(item)\n",
"\n",
" def pop(self):\n",
" # only change from `Stack` is we remove from the other end\n",
" # this can be slower, why?\n",
" return self._data.pop(0)\n",
"\n",
" def __len__(self):\n",
" return len(self._data)\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return \" TOP -> \" + \"\\n \".join(\n",
" f\"[ {item} ]\" for item in reversed(self._data)\n",
" )\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "20c843b5-9c64-45cb-af77-514b680cbd9c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from collections import deque\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class DequeQueue:\n",
" def __init__(self, _iterable=None):\n",
" if _iterable:\n",
" self._data = deque(_iterable)\n",
" else:\n",
" self._data = deque()\n",
"\n",
" def push(self, item):\n",
" self._data.append(item)\n",
"\n",
" def pop(self):\n",
" return self._data.popleft()\n",
"\n",
" def __len__(self):\n",
" return len(self._data)\n",
"\n",
" def __repr__(self):\n",
" return \" TOP -> \" + \"\\n \".join(\n",
" f\"[ {item} ]\" for item in reversed(self._data)\n",
" )\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3af2e4e7-e600-4201-859b-9b36751a5247",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Performance Testing\n",
"\n",
"We can try to measure performance something takes by measuring how much time has passed.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import time\n",
"\n",
"before = time.time()\n",
"# do something\n",
"after = time.time()\n",
"elapsed = before - after\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Issue is that in practice, times involved are miniscule, and other events on the system will overshadow differences."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "a414509d-84bb-4ae7-a105-2c6b9dcb7406",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import time\n",
"\n",
"def print_elapsed(func):\n",
" def newfunc(*args, **kwargs):\n",
" before = time.time()\n",
" retval = func(*args, **kwargs)\n",
" elapsed = time.time() - before\n",
" print(f\"Took {elapsed} sec to run {func.__name__}\")\n",
"\n",
" return newfunc\n",
"\n",
"@print_elapsed\n",
"def testfunc(QueueCls):\n",
" queue = QueueCls()\n",
" for item in range(1000):\n",
" queue.push(item)\n",
" while queue:\n",
" queue.pop()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "f1842168-b12d-4d1c-a004-10614904f3f2",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Took 0.0012509822845458984 sec to run testfunc\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"testfunc(ArrayQueue)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "19a3b107-da59-40f3-bafb-70160747fb53",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Took 0.001255035400390625 sec to run testfunc\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"testfunc(DequeQueue)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0cd093da-0a2c-4adb-96b8-bd56a874f6f2",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The differences are just too small to be sure. We need to run our code many more times.\n",
"\n",
"Python has a built in module for this, `timeit`.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import timeit\n",
"\n",
"timeit.timeit(stmt='pass', setup='pass', timer=<default timer>, number=1000000, globals=None)\n",
"\n",
"# for more: https://docs.python.org/3/library/timeit.html\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "93010cc5-55c9-4308-b0d0-8fac623f2c55",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1000000x ArrayQueue.push, took 0.11357445899921004\n",
"1000000x DequeQueue.push, took 0.06381245900047361\n",
"DequeQueue is 43.814% less time\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import timeit\n",
"\n",
"number = 1_000_000\n",
"\n",
"elapsed = timeit.timeit(\n",
" \"queue.push(1)\",\n",
" setup=\"queue = QueueCls()\",\n",
" globals={\"QueueCls\": ArrayQueue},\n",
" number=number,\n",
")\n",
"elapsed2 = timeit.timeit(\n",
" \"queue.push(1)\",\n",
" setup=\"queue = QueueCls()\",\n",
" globals={\"QueueCls\": DequeQueue},\n",
" number=number,\n",
")\n",
"print(f\"{number}x ArrayQueue.push, took\", elapsed)\n",
"print(f\"{number}x DequeQueue.push, took\", elapsed2)\n",
"print(f\"DequeQueue is {(elapsed-elapsed2) / elapsed * 100:.3f}% less time\")\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "f40f7691-599c-49f9-8f08-30aa14c1e90a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"10000x ArrayQueue.pop, took 16.82198095900094\n",
"10000x DequeQueue.pop, took 0.0005862910002178978\n",
"DequeQueue is 99.997% less time\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"number = 10_000\n",
"\n",
"elapsed = timeit.timeit(\n",
" \"queue.pop()\",\n",
" setup=\"queue = QueueCls([0] * 10000000)\",\n",
" globals={\"QueueCls\": ArrayQueue},\n",
" number=number,\n",
")\n",
"elapsed2 = timeit.timeit(\n",
" \"queue.pop()\",\n",
" setup=\"queue = QueueCls([0] * 10000000)\",\n",
" globals={\"QueueCls\": DequeQueue},\n",
" number=number,\n",
")\n",
"print(f\"{number}x ArrayQueue.pop, took\", elapsed)\n",
"print(f\"{number}x DequeQueue.pop, took\", elapsed2)\n",
"print(f\"DequeQueue is {(elapsed-elapsed2) / elapsed * 100:.3f}% less time\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "4333f0dd-846e-44fa-8aa0-9c3d883c165e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"58.76708083400081"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"timeit.timeit(\"''.join(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])\", number=1000000000)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "5a4a6e0d-0e02-42bf-8d53-06b09ce1a5dd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5.945709666997573"
]
},
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"timeit.timeit(\"d = ('apple'*5) + 'banana' + 'c' + 'd'\", number=1000000000)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b20fc917-73d2-4378-ae0a-a2119883efa3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Queue Performance\n",
"\n",
"| Operation | ArrayQueue | DequeQueue |\n",
"| --------- | ---------- | ---------- |\n",
"| push | O(1) | O(1) |\n",
"| pop | O(n) | O(1) |\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c44f9af3-4a0a-4dad-8bf6-4ec3ecc7d3f1",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"\n",
"For a Stack, an array or linked list can both give O(1) performance.\n",
"\n",
"For a Queue, a (doubly) linked list is necessary.\n",
"\n",
"But arrays are superior for indexing operations. And *typical* code indexes list far more than it appends/inserts. Depending on your needs Python's `list` implementation may not be the optimal data structure."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d6c3fd9d-12a3-49a2-aba4-257d8a6eb829",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.15"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f37ff61d-dfe1-4b65-a74d-efe317bbfade",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Data Structures: Trees, Graphs, and Tries"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c12455f1-b6e7-4822-8b20-0da02e8e7a11",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We saw that linked lists use nodes linked in a linear fashion.\n",
"\n",
"Each node had a \"next\" (and possibly a reference to \"prev\").\n",
"\n",
"We can use this same idea with additional links to create **Trees**.\n",
"\n",
"We'll start with a classic **binary search tree**.\n",
"\n",
"Each node has a value, and up to two children, \"left\" and \"right\".\n",
"\n",
"Data is stored in the tree such that when a new node is added, if it is less than the current value of a node, it should be stored to the left, and if it is greater, it should be stored to the right.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "012f2a24-f0cc-47ef-a572-3c0825f27850",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Node:\n",
" def __init__(self, value, left=None, right=None):\n",
" self.value = value\n",
" self.left = left\n",
" self.right = right\n",
"\n",
" def __str__(self):\n",
" return f\"({self.value}, {self.left}, {self.right})\"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"class BST:\n",
" def __init__(self, iterable=None):\n",
" self.root = None\n",
" if iterable:\n",
" for item in iterable:\n",
" self.add_item(item)\n",
"\n",
" def add_item(self, newval):\n",
" # special case: first item\n",
" if self.root is None:\n",
" self.root = Node(newval)\n",
" else:\n",
" parent = self.root\n",
" # traverse until we find room in the tree\n",
" while True:\n",
" if newval < parent.value:\n",
" if parent.left:\n",
" parent = parent.left\n",
" else:\n",
" parent.left = Node(newval)\n",
" break\n",
" else:\n",
" if parent.right:\n",
" parent = parent.right\n",
" else:\n",
" parent.right = Node(newval)\n",
" break\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"def print_infix(node):\n",
" \"\"\"prints items in sorted order\"\"\"\n",
" if node.left:\n",
" print_infix(node.left)\n",
" print(node.value)\n",
" if node.right:\n",
" print_infix(node.right)\n",
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c833bb06-4b02-4f50-bab9-ab1d30092144",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Tree traversal is inherently recursive, so we'll use a recursive function to print the tree in sorted order.\n",
"\n",
"Most tree algorithms will operate on the left & right subtrees the same way, so we can write a recursive function that takes a node and calls itself on the left & right subtrees."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "4f652851-2fbd-42c1-adb3-cb352657bb5a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Bear\n",
"Fox\n",
"Rabbit\n",
"Raccoon\n",
"Wolf\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"tree = BST()\n",
"tree.add_item(\"Fox\")\n",
"tree.add_item(\"Wolf\")\n",
"tree.add_item(\"Bear\")\n",
"tree.add_item(\"Raccoon\")\n",
"tree.add_item(\"Rabbit\")\n",
"print_infix(tree.root)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "44e92462-532b-4340-8c9b-52314870677f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Aside: defaultdict\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"# common pattern:\n",
"if key not in dct:\n",
" dct[key] = []\n",
"dct[key].append(element)\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"We can instead use `collections.defaultdict`:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "a06805c2-75ae-46e3-9916-f4ee8cca6080",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"{1, 2, 3}\n",
"defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x111069120>, {'newkey': {1, 2, 3}})\n",
"defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x111069120>, {'newkey': {1, 2, 3, 4}})\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from collections import defaultdict\n",
"\n",
"# give defaultdict a function that it will use to generate missing keys\n",
"dd = defaultdict(lambda: {1, 2, 3})\n",
"\n",
"print(dd[\"newkey\"])\n",
"print(dd)\n",
"\n",
"dd[\"newkey\"].add(4) # can add to set without ensuring it exists\n",
"print(dd)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "ba2d9950-e5cf-4d11-9307-f1fa37f01e67",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Graphs\n",
"\n",
"![](https://www.simplilearn.com/ice9/free_resources_article_thumb/Graph%20Data%20Structure%20-%20Soni/what-is-graphs-in-data-structure.png)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "323a6e33-76b7-41b7-97b9-e4dfa04d6bb4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Graph:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" # create a dictionary where every string maps to a set of strings\n",
" self.edges = defaultdict(set)\n",
"\n",
" def add_edge(self, node1, node2):\n",
" # add in both directions, could alter for directed graph\n",
" self.edges[node1].add(node2)\n",
" self.edges[node2].add(node1)\n",
"\n",
" def find_path(self, from_node, to_node, seen=None):\n",
" if not seen:\n",
" seen = set()\n",
"\n",
" if to_node in self.edges[from_node]:\n",
" return (from_node, to_node)\n",
" else:\n",
" for sibling in self.edges[from_node] - seen:\n",
" return (from_node,) + self.find_path(\n",
" sibling, to_node, seen | set(sibling)\n",
" )\n",
" # return self.find_path("
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "867f5186-e308-4d2f-9766-713ecb352f99",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"('A', 'D', 'B')"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"g = Graph()\n",
"g.add_edge(\"A\", \"D\")\n",
"g.add_edge(\"B\", \"D\")\n",
"g.find_path(\"A\", \"B\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"id": "a9acaa28-8a24-41c5-86c0-4342365533f6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"('A', 'B', 'A', 'D', 'E')"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"g = Graph()\n",
"g.add_edge(\"A\", \"B\")\n",
"g.add_edge(\"B\", \"C\")\n",
"g.add_edge(\"C\", \"D\")\n",
"g.add_edge(\"D\", \"E\")\n",
"g.add_edge(\"A\", \"D\")\n",
"g.find_path(\"A\", \"E\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "615230a9-5f7c-47c9-9d5e-83d37081bc47",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Discussion\n",
"\n",
"* Graphs & Trees in the real world?\n",
"* Alternate implementations?\n",
" * NetworkX"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "45d51cd1-9d2b-40dd-95b2-f51f11b49b9e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Tries\n",
"\n",
"Usually pronounced \"try\" to differentiate it from trees.\n",
"\n",
"A **trie** is a data structure that stores data associated with string keys similar to a dictionary in many ways. (Python `dict`s are a different data structure: **hash tables**.)\n",
"\n",
"A **trie** is a specialized data structure, particularly useful for partial matching of strings. The way the data is stored enables efficient lookup of all strings that start with a given prefix, as well as \"fuzzy search\" where some characters don't match.\n",
"\n",
"Each node in a **trie** contains:\n",
"\n",
"- an fixed-size array of children\n",
"- a value\n",
"\n",
"Let's imagine a simplified version of a **trie** that can only store string keys with the letters \"a\", \"b\", \"c\", and \"d\".\n",
"\n",
"So keys \"a\", \"ba\", \"dddddd\", and \"abcdabcdaabcad\" would all be valid.\n",
"\n",
"Now, instead of `linked_list.next` or `tree_node.left`, we will have four children, so we'll store them in a tuple:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"id": "1ed75b91-54fe-4650-965d-ef26507788b9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"\n",
"class TrieNode:\n",
" def __init__(self, value=None):\n",
" self.value = value\n",
" self.children = [None, None, None, None]\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4ad2dec4-dc42-48bd-a144-d5c61d60dfdb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Notice that we **do not store the key**!\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"trie = Trie()\n",
"trie[\"a\"] = 1\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Represents a tree with a single key \"a\". The node \"X\" is the 0th child of the root node. It would have no children set, and a value of `1`.\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
" root\n",
" / \\\\\\\n",
" X\n",
"//\\\\\n",
"```\n",
"Let's look at a trie where someone has also set `trie[\"aba\"] = 100`\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
" root\n",
" / \\\\\\\n",
" X \n",
" /|\\\\\n",
" Y\n",
" /\\\\\\\n",
" Z \n",
" //\\\\\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Each node has four children, the 0th child being associated with the value \"a\", the 1st with \"b\", and so on.\n",
"\n",
"- X is the same as before `value=1`. It now has a child node \"Y\" in 1st position, associated with \"b\". \n",
"- Y has no `value` set, because it only exists to build out the tree in this case. It has a child at \"a\" position (0).\n",
"- Z is at a terminal position and would have `value=100`. Since the path from the root is \"aba\" that is the key associated with the value."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3c397fb5-0503-4d8e-a13d-58b6d5cd6943",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Lookup Algorithm\n",
"\n",
"Traversing the tree is done by a simple recursive algorithm:\n",
"\n",
"- if there are more letters in the key: convert the next one to an index and traverse to that child node\n",
"- if there are no more letters: the current node is the destination\n",
"\n",
"The correct behavior when encountering a child node that does not (yet) exist depends on the nature of the traversal:\n",
"\n",
"In a lookup (such as `__getitem__`) the key in question must not be in the **trie**.\n",
"If a value was being set, the node should be created.\n",
"\n",
"### Note/Project Hint\n",
"\n",
"`value=None` will create problems in practice, because you should be able to set `trie[\"abc\"] = None` and not have it treat it as if the data was deleted.\n",
"\n",
"Instead, you will probably want to use different values for unset variables. It is common to make a \"sentinel\" class for this, a class that is used to create a unique value (like `None` being the sole instance of `NoneType`.).\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"class DefaultColor:\n",
" \"\"\" Used as a sentinel class. \"\"\"\n",
"\n",
"def set_background(color=DefaultColor):\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" This function exists to set the background color.\n",
" (In reality, to demonstrate a time when you might treat None and an unset value differently.)\n",
" \n",
" If color is set to None, the background will be transparent.\n",
" If color is not set, the background will default to the user's choice.\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" if color is DefaultColor:\n",
" ...\n",
"```\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4aef9799-2f13-4c7c-ae62-ac8e6ed22ca3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Trie Complexity\n",
"\n",
"Trie traversal complexity is `O(m)` where **m** is the length of the key strings. \n",
"\n",
"This in practice would likely be much lower than **n**, the number of words in the data.\n",
"\n",
"### Discussion\n",
"\n",
"- How would prefix lookup work?\n",
"- Wildcards?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "0939902d-b50b-4073-92ab-4df03bc1b6fb",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.15"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b4869e5b-a600-4285-8879-5053a13d6e6f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Python Ecosystem\n",
"\n",
"One of the reason's for Python's early success was its \"batteries included\" philosophy.\n",
"\n",
"If you remember being a kid and getting a new toy, only to have to purchase (or charge) its batteries before playing-- the analogy here is that Python comes with everything you need to play (be productive) out of the box.\n",
"\n",
"We've seen this with some built in modules:\n",
"\n",
"- datetime\n",
"- math\n",
"- csv\n",
"- json\n",
"- functools\n",
"- itertools\n",
"- collections\n",
"- abc\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e4385a75-4d33-4de2-a840-006dc06fdc7b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The standard library contains tools for common (and less-common) file types, data structures, dealing with data from the web, a simple UI toolkit, and much more:\n",
"\n",
"<https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html>\n",
"\n",
"These modules are written in Python or C, and distributed with Python itself. \n",
"\n",
"The standard library is great for many things but in practice it has a few shortcomings:\n",
"\n",
"- can't possibly include *everything*\n",
"- typically only one way of doing things, and if an alternate approach is needed, an alternate library should be (example: streaming JSON)\n",
"- once a package is in standard library it is in effect *frozen* due to Python's strict backwards compatibility rules"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b3758d4b-2b85-4d69-80c1-160d16bd4ba3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Beyond the Standard Library\n",
"\n",
"It is helpful to have a wider ecosystem that all Python developers can share-- enter the Python Package Index or PyPI (typically pronounced pie-pee-eye to avoid confusing with PyPy pronounced pie-pie).\n",
"\n",
"https://pypi.org\n",
"\n",
"Over half a million projects released on PyPI, with billions of downloads a day.\n",
"\n",
"We've seen packages that come from PyPI:\n",
"\n",
"- rich\n",
"- httpx\n",
"- pandas\n",
"- polars\n",
"- networkx\n",
"- matplotlib\n",
"- altair\n",
"- Pillow\n",
"- Flask\n",
"- Django"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f4a25d8b-d3c0-462b-a87a-ee34b98e8663",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Important Note: Anyone can publish to PyPI\n",
"\n",
"Installing a package means trusting its authors to some extent. \n",
"\n",
"Packages I ask you to install are packages I trust, and which have established reputations & teams.\n",
"\n",
"If you find a small package you should be mindful of the fact that letting someone run code on your system means letting that person do whatever their code does. \n",
"\n",
"If in doubt:\n",
"- look for signs of activity on GitHub/etc.: a popular library with dozens of tutorials is one thing -- an obscure library only one person used may also be fine, but worth a bit of vetting\n",
"- look at the source code!\n",
"- ask someone! (James, TAs, etc.)\n",
"\n",
"### Licensing\n",
"\n",
"Code that is published & open source comes with a license, a set of rules saying what you may and may not do with it. Typically this prohibits redistribution of the work without the license, but in some cases may mean that your own work needs to be open source to use it. **Using open source code without following the license is plagarism/theft and can come with serious consequences here and in any workplace since your employer would carry the legal burden.**\n",
"\n",
"Make sure that the code that you are using is under a license that allows you to use it in the environment that you are in. That isn't much of an issue here in class, but in companies you may not be able to use certain licenses. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "debb1e93-d3ce-4b54-ae45-0b470ba39242",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Python's Worst Flaw\n",
"\n",
"A key part of Python's general philosophy is that there should be an obvious way to do things. It is generally acknowledged that we have fallen short when it comes to package management. \n",
"\n",
"The situation is improving, and you have already been using the latest & greatest tool. But as you venture out into the wider world of packages, you'll notice some rough edges for sure.\n",
"\n",
"When you look at instructions, some libraries will tell you to:\n",
"\n",
"- `pip install matplotlib`\n",
"\n",
"You may also have used `conda` before, and done something similar.\n",
"\n",
"In this class, we've been using `uv`, and you may also encounter:\n",
"\n",
"- `pdm`\n",
"- `poetry`\n",
"- `pip-compile`\n",
"- `pipx`\n",
"- `pip-tools`\n",
"\n",
"And probably a dozen other solutions to installing & managing packages.\n",
"\n",
"*What's going on?*\n",
"\n",
"### How Python Packages Work\n",
"\n",
"Recall that python packages are just directories. When you install a package you are getting something that resembles:\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"baking-pkg\n",
"├── baking\n",
"│ ├── __init__.py\n",
"│ ├── cli.py\n",
"│ ├── ingredients.py\n",
"│ ├── sizes.py\n",
"│ ├── units.py\n",
"│ └── utils.py\n",
"├── LICENSE\n",
"├── README.md\n",
"└── tests\n",
" ├── test_baking.py\n",
" ├── test_units.py\n",
" └── test_utils.py\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"If I gave you these files and you put them on your desktop, you would find that you could only use them if you were in the same directory. That is if you put your own files in `baking-pkg` you would be able to `import baking` but otherwise it would fail.\n",
"\n",
"When you type an `import` statement, Python uses an **environment variable** a variable set at the operating system level, not specific to Python named `PYTHONPATH` to look up what directories it should search.\n",
"\n",
"This variable contains a list of directories, which might resemble:\n",
"\n",
"- /home/user/james/.poetry/global/\n",
"- /usr/lib/python3.10\n",
"- /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload\n",
"- /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages\n",
"- /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages\n",
"- /home/user/james/.pipx/ruff/\n",
"- /home/user/james/.pipx/jupyter/\n",
"\n",
"These directories are searched in order, so if I have a `math` library in `/home/user/james/.poetry/global/` it will supercede the built in math library in `/usr/lib/python3.10/`.\n",
"\n",
"This means that can only have one library of a given name that is importable."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dbf0e9aa-3c9a-457a-a2c6-6fdde95ca2cb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Version Conflicts\n",
"\n",
"In practice though, you might need to have multiple copies of a library installed on your system, imagine the following:\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"**Project 1 (MPCS 51042)**\n",
"- polars==1.14\n",
"- seaborn==2.0\n",
" - matplotlib==3.0\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"**Project 2 (MPCS 52000)**\n",
"- polars==0.44\n",
"- matplotlib==2.0\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"**Project 3 (Work)**\n",
"- altair==5.0\n",
"- customlibrary\n",
" - matplotlib==2.4\n",
" \n",
"Your system would need 3 versions of `matplotlib` to be able to correctly run the code in question."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5e99e59c-f19f-4312-b842-6862eacc64a7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Installing Packages (the wrong way)\n",
"\n",
"If you use `pip` on its own, each time you install a set of packages, it will uninstall conflicts & replace the version with the latest.\n",
"\n",
"By default `pip` installs to the `/usr/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/` directory (or equivalent), but wherever it installs on your PYTHONPATH would have the same issue. We can only have one of a package installed at a time."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9a69a927-dffb-46e3-9e86-1e09fbe013bd",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Virtualenvs\n",
"\n",
"For this reason, Python has the concept of `virtualenvs`. These are directories of Python packages that are meant to only be added to PYTHONPATH when a given project is being used.\n",
"\n",
"If we installed all of the packages for our three projects to three different directories:\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
".\n",
"├── proj1-venv\n",
"│ ├── matplotlib # v3.0\n",
"│ ├── polars\n",
"│ └── seaborn\n",
"├── proj2-venv\n",
"│ ├── matplotlib # v2.0\n",
"│ └── polars\n",
"└── proj3-venv\n",
" ├── altair\n",
" ├── customlibrary\n",
" └── matplotlib # v2.4\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Now we can add the correct `venv` directory to our PYTHONPATH before running the appropriate command.\n",
"\n",
"This is what `venv` does for us:\n",
"<https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9abe42e4-3a2a-417d-996b-e25fe0db2ce6",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## `uv` (and other package managers)\n",
"\n",
"In practice, managing a venv can be tedious and error-prone, which is why a suite of tools exists to help manage them for you.\n",
"\n",
"In this class we have opted for `uv`, among the newest of these tools which (IMO) is the easiest to use yet.\n",
"\n",
"`uv` demo:\n",
"- uv creates `.venv`\n",
"- `uv add` updates lockfile and venv\n",
"- `uv run` ensures that the correct venv is activated before Python starts\n",
"\n",
"https://mpcs51042.netlify.app/guides/uv/"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "85c23bfc-d1b5-4941-acf2-f415fa2f7a9d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Recommendation: Always start new projects with `uv init` (or similar!)\n",
"\n",
"Never use `pip` or `venv` directly!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "1be81171-4c6c-432d-8a7e-d39d4bf601ef",
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"source": []
}
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"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
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"nbformat": 4,
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Testing\n",
"\n",
"As you've no doubt discovered through working on PAs, tests are useful for ensuring that code works as expected.\n",
"\n",
"We break our code into functions and classes to encapsulate functionality that we intend to reuse.\n",
"These boundaries also provide a natural place to test our code.\n",
"\n",
"If you only have one big function that does everything, it can be difficult to test:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"\n",
"def advance_all_students_with_passing_grades():\n",
" conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')\n",
" c = conn.cursor()\n",
" c.execute('''\n",
" SELECT student.id, avg(class.grade) as average \n",
" FROM students JOIN classes ON students.id = classes.student_id\n",
" GROUP BY student.id HAVING average >= 70\n",
" ''')\n",
" students = c.fetchall()\n",
" for student in students:\n",
" c.execute('UPDATE student_enrollment SET grade = grade + 1 WHERE student_id = ?', (student[0],))\n",
" conn.commit()\n",
" conn.close()\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"How would you test this function? You'd need to have a database with a specific set of data in it and then run the function and check that the data was updated as expected.\n",
"\n",
"If you break the function up into smaller functions, you can test each function in isolation:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"\n",
"def get_students(conn, grade_threshold=70):\n",
" ...\n",
"\n",
"def advance_student(conn, student):\n",
" ...\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Now you can test each function in isolation.\n",
"\n",
"By having the function take parameters, you can also test the function with different inputs.\n",
"\n",
"It is also possible to test the function with a mock database connection that doesn't actually connect to a database but provides the same interface.\n",
"\n",
"This is called \"mocking\" and is a useful technique for testing code that interacts with external systems.\n",
"\n",
"## `pytest`\n",
"\n",
"`pytest` is a popular testing framework for Python, and the one we've been using in class.\n",
"\n",
"It is easy to use and provides a lot of useful features. Python has a built in `unittest` module, but it is more verbose and less flexible.\n",
"\n",
"`pytest` provides both a command line tool `pytest`, which you've been using, and a library that you can use to help you write tests.\n",
"\n",
"## `pytest` command line tool\n",
"\n",
"When you run `pytest`, it will look for files named `test_*.py` in the current directory and its subdirectories. It will then run any functions in those files that start with `test_`.\n",
"\n",
"If you take a look at any PA, you'll see that there are files named `test_*.py` in the `tests` directory. This is a common convention, but you can also place the files in other directories.\n",
"\n",
"Within each `test_module1.py` file, there are functions that start with `test_`. These are the tests that `pytest` will run. You can include other functions in the file as helper functions, but they won't be run by `pytest`.\n",
"\n",
"### Simple Example\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"# my_module.py\n",
"from collections import namedtuple\n",
"\n",
"Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])\n",
"\n",
"def circle_contains(radius: float, center: Point, point: Point):\n",
" return (point.x - center.x) ** 2 + (point.y - center.y) ** 2 <= radius ** 2\n",
"\n",
"def points_within(radius: float, center: Point, points: list[Point]):\n",
" \"\"\" Find all points within a circle. \"\"\"\n",
" return [point for point in points if circle_contains(radius, center, point)]\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"# test_my_module.py\n",
"\n",
"from my_module import circle_contains, points_within\n",
"\n",
"origin = Point(0, 0)\n",
"\n",
"def test_circle_contains():\n",
" # centered at origin, radius 1\n",
" result = circle_contains(1, origin, origin)\n",
" assert result\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, Point(.5, .5)), \"circle should contain 0.5, 0.5\"\n",
"\n",
"def test_circle_contains_edge():\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, Point(1, 0)) # on the circle\n",
"\n",
"def test_circle_contains_outside():\n",
" assert not circle_contains(1, origin, Point(1.1, 0))\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Now running `pytest` would run the test function and report the results.\n",
"\n",
"## `assert`\n",
"\n",
"The `assert` statement is used to check that a condition is true.\n",
"\n",
"If the condition is `True`, nothing happens. If the condition is `False`, an `AssertionError` is raised.\n",
"\n",
"You can also provide a message to be printed if the assertion fails:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"assert 1 == 2, \"1 is not equal to 2\"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"**Note:** `assert` is not a function. Using parentheses leads to confusing results because the parentheses are interpreted as a tuple.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"assert(1 == 2, \"1 is not equal to 2\")\n",
"\n",
"# This is equivalent to:\n",
"assert (1 == 2, \"1 is not equal to 2\")\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"### Aside: Truthiness\n",
"\n",
"In Python, every type has an implicit conversion to a boolean value. This is called \"truthiness\".\n",
"\n",
"The following values are considered \"falsey\":\n",
"\n",
"* `False`\n",
"* `None`\n",
"* `0` # int\n",
"* `0.0` # float\n",
"* `0j` # complex\n",
"* \"\" # empty string\n",
"* [] # empty list\n",
"* () # empty tuple\n",
"* {} # empty dict\n",
"* set() # empty set\n",
"\n",
"All other values are considered `True`."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"False is False\n",
"None is False\n",
"0 is False\n",
"0.0 is False\n",
"0j is False\n",
" is False\n",
"[] is False\n",
"() is False\n",
"{} is False\n",
"set() is False\n",
"True is True\n",
"42 is True\n",
"3.14 is True\n",
"hello is True\n",
"[1, 2, 3] is True\n",
"{'a': 1} is True\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"values = [False, None, 0, 0.0, 0j, \"\", [], (), {}, set()]\n",
"values += [True, 42, 3.14, \"hello\", [1, 2, 3], {\"a\": 1}]\n",
"for value in values:\n",
" # notice we're using the value as a boolean expression here\n",
" if value:\n",
" print(f\"{value} is True\")\n",
" else:\n",
" print(f\"{value} is False\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Writing good tests\n",
"\n",
"Above we had the tests\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def test_circle_contains():\n",
" # centered at origin, radius 1\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, origin)\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, Point(.5, .5))\n",
"\n",
"def test_circle_contains_edge():\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, Point(1, 0)) # on the circle\n",
"\n",
"def test_circle_contains_outside():\n",
" assert not circle_contains(1, origin, Point(1.1, 0))\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Why not just do this?\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"\n",
"def test_circle_contains():\n",
" # centered at origin, radius 1\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, origin)\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, Point(.5, .5))\n",
" assert circle_contains(1, origin, Point(1, 0)) # on the circle\n",
" assert not circle_contains(1, origin, Point(1.1, 0))\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"If the first assertion fails, the second assertion will not be run. This makes it harder to debug the problem.\n",
"\n",
"As you've no doubt noticed throughout these courses, granular tests make debugging easier. It is also easier to reason about what isn't yet being tested.\n",
"\n",
"**What bugs could be lurking in the code above?**\n",
"\n",
"### General Rules\n",
"\n",
"* Each test should test one thing.\n",
"* Each test should be independent of the others.\n",
"* Each test should be repeatable.\n",
"* Each test should be easy to understand.\n",
"\n",
"### What Tests To Write\n",
"\n",
"When considering what to test, usually there are a couple of obvious cases. For a string distance function, you might consider you need to have at least one test for when the strings are identical, and one test for when the strings are completely different.\n",
"\n",
"Those are the obvious cases, it is then worth considering edge cases. What about an empty string? Perhaps a string with one character as well?\n",
"\n",
"**(0, 1, Many)** is a good rule to consider.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"### Test One Thing\n",
"\n",
"If you were testing a function that summed a list of numbers, consider these two approaches:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def test_sum():\n",
" assert sum([]) == 0\n",
" assert sum([1]) == 1\n",
" assert sum([1, 2, 3]) == 6\n",
" with pytest.raises(TypeError):\n",
" sum([1, \"hello\"])\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def test_sum_empty():\n",
" assert sum([]) == 0\n",
"\n",
"def test_sum_one():\n",
" assert sum([1]) == 1\n",
"\n",
"def test_sum_many():\n",
" assert sum([1, 2, 3]) == 6\n",
"\n",
"def test_sum_type_error():\n",
" ...\n",
" with pytest.raises(TypeError):\n",
" sum([1, \"hello\"])\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"By having each test focus on one thing, test failures will be more informative.\n",
"\n",
"### Test Independence\n",
"\n",
"Tests should be independent of each other. This means that if one test fails, it should not affect the outcome of any other test.\n",
"\n",
"This can be a challenge when testing functions that modify data or global state.\n",
"\n",
"For example:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def test_create_user():\n",
" db = Database(\"test.db\")\n",
" db.create_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" assert db.get_user(username=\"alice\").id == 1\n",
"\n",
"def test_delete_user():\n",
" db = Database(\"test.db\")\n",
" db.delete_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" assert db.get_user(username=\"alice\") is None\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"These tests are not independent. If the first test fails, the second test will fail because the database will be empty.\n",
"\n",
"You'd instead likely need to do something like this:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def create_test_database():\n",
" remove_file_if_exists(\"test.db\")\n",
" db = Database(\"test.db\")\n",
" db.init_schema()\n",
" return db\n",
"\n",
"def test_create_user():\n",
" db = create_test_database()\n",
" db.create_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" assert db.get_user(username=\"alice\").id == 1\n",
"\n",
"def test_delete_user():\n",
" db = create_test_database()\n",
" db.create_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" db.delete_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" assert db.get_user(username=\"alice\") is None\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Note: `test_delete_user` will fail if `create_user` doesn't work. There's still a dependency in terms of behavior in this case, but you can see that the tests can now be run independently of one another since each starts with a blank database.\n",
"\n",
"#### `pytest` Fixtures\n",
"\n",
"Another way to handle this is to use `pytest` fixtures. A fixture is a function that is run before each test. It can be used to set up the test environment.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import pytest\n",
"\n",
"@pytest.fixture\n",
"def db():\n",
" remove_file_if_exists(\"test.db\")\n",
" db = Database(\"test.db\")\n",
" db.init_schema()\n",
" return db\n",
"\n",
"# parameter names must match fixture names\n",
"def test_create_user(db):\n",
" db.create_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" assert db.get_user(username=\"alice\").id == 1\n",
"\n",
"def test_delete_user(db):\n",
" db.create_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" db.delete_user(username=\"alice\")\n",
" assert db.get_user(username=\"alice\") is None\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"This is a powerful feature that can be used to set up complex test environments.\n",
"\n",
"### Test Repeatability\n",
"\n",
"Tests should be repeatable. This means that if a test fails, it should be possible to run it again and get the same result.\n",
"\n",
"This means that tests should not depend on external factors such as:\n",
"\n",
"* The current time or date\n",
"* Random numbers\n",
"* The state of the network\n",
"* The state of the database\n",
"\n",
"To reduce the chance of a test failing due to an external factor, you can use a library like `freezegun` to freeze the current time that a test sees. The `mock` module can be used to mock out external functions so they return consistent data for the purpose of the test.\n",
"\n",
"`freezegun`: <https://github.com/spulec/freezegun>\n",
"\n",
"`mock`: <https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html>\n",
"\n",
"### Test Readability\n",
"\n",
"Tests should be easy to understand. This means that the test should be written in a way that makes it clear what is being tested and what the expected result is.\n",
"\n",
"Make liberal use of comments and descriptive test names to make it clear what is being tested so that when a modification to the code in the future breaks a test, it is easy to understand why.\n",
"\n",
"## Test Driven Devleopment\n",
"\n",
"Test Driven Development (TDD) is a software development process that involves writing tests before writing the code that will be tested.\n",
"\n",
"In many ways this is how your PAs have been structured. By knowing what the expected output is, you can write tests that will fail if the code is not working correctly.\n",
"\n",
"It can be useful to write tests before writing the code that will be tested. This can help you think through the problem and make sure you understand what the code is supposed to do.\n",
"\n",
"## Unit Testing vs. Integration Testing\n",
"\n",
"Unit tests are tests that test individual units of code. These are usually functions or methods.\n",
"\n",
"Integration tests are tests that test how different units of code work together. It can be useful to have a mixture of both, but unit tests are usually easier to write and maintain.\n",
"\n",
"In our initial example, we broke `advance_all_students_with_passing_grade` into smaller functions. It may still make sense in some cases to test the integration of these functions to make sure that (e.g.) the list of users being returned is still in the same format expected by the `advance_student` function.\n",
"\n",
"## `pytest` Features\n",
"\n",
"### `pytest.fixture`\n",
"\n",
"As shown above, `pytest` fixtures can be used to set up the test environment or provide data to tests.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import pytest\n",
"\n",
"@pytest.fixture\n",
"def user_list()\n",
" return [\n",
" {\"name\": \"alice\", \"id\": 1, \"email\": \"alice@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"carol\", \"id\": 3, \"email\": \"carol@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"bob\", \"id\": 2, \"email\": \"bob@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"diego\", \"id\": 4, \"email\": \"diego@otherdomain\"},\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
"def test_sort_users(user_list):\n",
" sorted_list = sort_users(user_list)\n",
" assert sorted_list == [\n",
" {\"name\": \"alice\", \"id\": 1, \"email\": \"alice@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"bob\", \"id\": 2, \"email\": \"bob@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"carol\", \"id\": 3, \"email\": \"carol@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"diego\", \"id\": 4, \"email\": \"diego@otherdomain\"},\n",
" ]\n",
"\n",
"def test_filter_users(user_list):\n",
" filtered_list = filter_users(user_list, domain=\"domain\")\n",
" assert filtered_list == [\n",
" {\"name\": \"alice\", \"id\": 1, \"email\": \"alice@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"bob\", \"id\": 2, \"email\": \"bob@domain\"},\n",
" {\"name\": \"carol\", \"id\": 3, \"email\": \"carol@domain\"},\n",
" ]\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"### `pytest.raises`\n",
"\n",
"It's often desirable to test that certain errors were raised. `pytest.raises` can be used to test that a function raises an exception.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"def test_reject_invalid_domain():\n",
" with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n",
" validate_email(\"alice@invalid$\")\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"### Parameterized Tests\n",
"\n",
"Sometimes the same test needs to be run with different inputs. `pytest` provides a way to do this with parameterized tests.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"@pytest.mark.parametrize(\"str1,str2,expected\", [\n",
" (\"abc\", \"abd\", 1),\n",
" (\"abc\", \"abc\", 0),\n",
" (\"abc\", \"xyz\", 3),\n",
" (\"abc\", \"abcd\", 1),\n",
"])\n",
"def test_hamming_distance(str1, str2, expected):\n",
" assert hamming_distance(str1, str2) == expected\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"This runs as three distinct tests in `pytest`, converting each input to a distinct test by calling the test function with the parameters."
]
},
{
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"source": [
"test_hamming_distance[abc-abd-1]\n",
"test_hamming_distance[abc-abc-0]\n",
"test_hamming_distance[abc-xyz-3]"
]
}
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"version": 3
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},
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"nbformat_minor": 4
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a6c3f443-273b-4f49-9339-902e3251e0e4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Hash Tables\n",
"\n",
"A hash table is a collection that maps keys to values. Python's `dict` is an implementation of a hash table.\n",
"\n",
"For the course project, you will be implementing a hash table without using `dict`.\n",
"\n",
"### Hash Table Performance\n",
"\n",
"| Operation | Average | Worst Case | \n",
"| --------- | ---- | ---------- |\n",
"| lookup | O(1) | O(n) |\n",
"| insert | O(1) | O(n) |\n",
"| delete | O(1) | O(n) |\n",
"\n",
"Note: These are average case, as we'll see, depending on implementation, worst case can be much worse.\n",
"\n",
"A key property for hash tables is that we **do not need to linearly search through them for our data**.\n",
"\n",
"If you find yourself scanning every element in a hash table, you're doing something wrong.\n",
"\n",
"### Example\n",
"\n",
"Let's first model a simple hashtable with fixed capacity of 10. For simplicity we'll stick to string keys.\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ]\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"When we get a key-value pair, we need to assign it a bucket.\n",
"\n",
"How can we write a function that takes a string and assigns it to a bucket?\n",
"\n",
"1. Turn string into a number. **Hash Function**\n",
"2. Take (number % capacity)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "450367cc-fbd5-4b97-89d6-37f69cba5d91",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def strhash(key):\n",
" # ord converts a character to it's numeric representation\n",
" # ord(\"A\") == 65\n",
" # ord(\"z\") == 122\n",
" # etc.\n",
" return sum(ord(letter) for letter in key)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "e689c2aa-a3a5-4400-b7bb-557944a725da",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"410"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"strhash(\"bear\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "bb545dc8-7db6-46a0-bbc3-716f6bf3639b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"333"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"strhash(\"fox\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "0ef489a6-7f2c-46aa-aa2e-3ff10241eb46",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Hashtable:\n",
" def __init__(self, capacity=10):\n",
" self._table = [None] * capacity\n",
" self.capacity = capacity\n",
"\n",
" def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n",
" index = strhash(key) % self.capacity\n",
" self._table[index] = value\n",
"\n",
" def __getitem__(self, key):\n",
" index = strhash(key) % self.capacity\n",
" value = self._table[index]\n",
" if value:\n",
" return value\n",
" else:\n",
" raise KeyError(key)\n",
"\n",
" def display(self):\n",
" print(f\"Capacity = {self.capacity}\")\n",
" for idx, elem in enumerate(self._table):\n",
" if elem:\n",
" print(f\"{idx}: {elem}\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "8f73d5b3-1fbe-4439-a19f-3c1c73cf1e04",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Capacity = 10\n",
"0: 3\n",
"3: 12\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"h = Hashtable()\n",
"h[\"bear\"] = 3\n",
"h[\"fox\"] = 12\n",
"h.display()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "1e68e2ee-9feb-4623-88a3-03b16d7fedd4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"3\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(h[\"bear\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"id": "1535a473-c2e5-474f-8a80-e89ff3bd00bd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"strhash(\"bear\") == strhash(\"been\") # different word, same hash!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"id": "3458faf2-cc40-4e31-a792-7a1515f718e7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Capacity = 10\n",
"0: 12\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"h = Hashtable()\n",
"h[\"bear\"] = 33\n",
"h[\"been\"] = 12\n",
"h.display()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b23a0b1f-1e59-4d83-aa4c-2c57d5706298",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Linear Probing\n",
"\n",
"One solution is to just walk forward in the storage list, until we find an empty space.\n",
"\n",
"Either way, we'll need to start storing the key as well. Let's revise our class:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "6a5dd148-07ce-4e02-998a-75b9edce31f7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Hashtable:\n",
" def __init__(self, capacity=100):\n",
" self._table = [None] * 100\n",
" self.capacity = capacity\n",
"\n",
" def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n",
" index = strhash(key) % self.capacity\n",
" while self._table[index] is not None:\n",
" index += 1\n",
" # Handling wrap-around omitted for brevity\n",
"\n",
" # we now store the key and value\n",
" self._table[index] = (key, value)\n",
"\n",
" def __getitem__(self, key):\n",
" index = strhash(key) % self.capacity\n",
"\n",
" # walk forward until we either reach the item or an empty space\n",
" while self._table[index] is not None:\n",
" if self._table[index][0] == key:\n",
" return self._table[index][1]\n",
" index += 1\n",
" # Handling wrap-around omitted for brevity\n",
"\n",
" # if code got here, the item wasn't in the list\n",
" raise KeyError(key)\n",
"\n",
" def display(self):\n",
" print(f\"Capacity = {self.capacity}\")\n",
" for idx, elem in enumerate(self._table):\n",
" if elem:\n",
" print(f\"{idx}: {elem}\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"id": "3251b310-dfae-4aae-9d04-603a5e20dbea",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Capacity = 10\n",
"0: 12\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"h = Hashtable()\n",
"h[\"bear\"] = 33\n",
"h[\"been\"] = 12\n",
"h.display()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"id": "781024b5-a81d-46be-8c87-84f3860395c6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"12\n",
"12\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(h[\"bear\"])\n",
"print(h[\"been\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f90d7b38-2f69-465d-8da1-59f8efd82909",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Separate Chaining\n",
"\n",
"Another solution is to use a linked list to store multiple items in the same bucket. One could imagine each bucket being the head of a linked list where items that hash to that value are stored linearly.\n",
"\n",
"This is the approach we're asking you to use for the course project.\n",
"\n",
"**What happens if we have a lot of items in the same bucket?**\n",
"\n",
"### Better Hash Function\n",
"\n",
"Ideally a hash function will evenly distribute values across the collection.\n",
"\n",
"A common pattern is to use a polynomial hash function.\n",
"\n",
"$$h(x_0, ..., x_n) = (\\sum_{i=0}^{k-1}{c_ip^i})\\mod{m}$$\n",
"\n",
"Where:\n",
"- $x_0...x_i $ is the sequence\n",
"- $k = len(x)$\n",
"- $c_i$ is the numeric value of the character $x_i$ ($ord(x$ in Python)\n",
"- $p$ is an arbitrary constant.\n",
"- and $m$ is the size of the collection.\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
" def _hash(self, key):\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" This method takes in a string and returns \n",
" an integer value between 0 and self.capacity.\n",
"\n",
" This particular hash function uses \n",
" Horner's rule to compute a large polynomial.\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" val = 0\n",
" for letter in key:\n",
" val = self.P_CONSTANT * val + ord(letter)\n",
" return val % self.capacity\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"### Questions\n",
"\n",
"* Linear probing vs. separate chaining? Other approaches?\n",
"* What if our hash function wasn't reliable?\n",
"\n",
"### Rehashing\n",
"\n",
"As we add more items to our hash table, we'll eventually run out of space. We can increase the capacity of our table, but we'll need to rehash all of our existing items.\n",
"\n",
"Because which bucket we choose depends on `hash(item) % capacity` items would end up in different buckets if we change capacity.\n",
"\n",
"This means when we resize, we need to rehash all of our items.\n",
"\n",
"A common pattern is to double capacity when the table is ~50% full."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "c1d5023d-25db-4885-a303-2c34d1a453de",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.15"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

542
legislators.csv Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
person_id,name,current_party
ocd-person/cf441c62-91b4-52f5-b9c7-04a45290e5e4,A. Drew Ferguson IV,Republican
ocd-person/a5212de0-6253-5b67-8473-2b00d1f22da6,Aaron Bean,Republican
ocd-person/d1b6eea9-e526-593d-b87a-0e926c3f2303,Abigail Davis Spanberger,Democratic
ocd-person/c5a3238c-f36a-5b17-af62-ca6dcce0b91d,Adam B. Schiff,Democratic
ocd-person/55a28978-7661-5a33-a2be-a505a07e2a8e,Adam Smith,Democratic
ocd-person/39f36070-b860-5345-a3cc-ea7fdbf7dfb3,Adrian Smith,Republican
ocd-person/0d73f18d-36c1-526d-9d5c-5a0a63ff60af,Adriano Espaillat,Democratic
ocd-person/2ad84a53-f957-5a9c-861b-413aac608201,Al Green,Democratic
ocd-person/fadd82ac-5031-5efd-ae39-1afc3f3cd6fb,Alex Padilla,Democratic
ocd-person/1b959af6-5bbc-5e3b-855f-9a140244c31c,Alexander X. Mooney,Republican
ocd-person/d2a8d710-a781-5a40-b6f2-e46bffcf40d2,Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,Democratic
ocd-person/76bfaf2b-8259-5f56-bce9-d1c8cd6c780d,Alma S. Adams,Democratic
ocd-person/79c4f42e-4775-5ed0-a7e1-d0c942ce6c34,Ami Bera,Democratic
ocd-person/2722e0b1-650d-5f77-a348-f7f0d66aa3e2,Amy Klobuchar,Democratic
ocd-person/ef4b4ed3-1808-548d-8625-2cea913c2e4a,André Carson,Democratic
ocd-person/54f931b7-9a94-5c93-8585-0967370ffb86,Andrea Salinas,Democratic
ocd-person/5916e23e-c486-5d60-88c8-56bb65c23763,Andrew Ogles,Republican
ocd-person/4ec1dbc4-ea21-5f61-92b1-fa55b47a4c61,Andrew R. Garbarino,Republican
ocd-person/0dbe5471-29ea-5c84-8270-f55fee08d118,Andrew S. Clyde,Republican
ocd-person/fe2fa2c7-83de-5bf2-b602-6ca9f7fc8a6f,Andy Barr,Republican
ocd-person/86b4b077-b73b-579b-bb73-bc5a4a73719a,Andy Biggs,Republican
ocd-person/74a68d2f-f563-50d8-80a7-408346b8ba14,Andy Harris,Republican
ocd-person/62227c11-1ad4-5395-b233-f1f526efc5b4,Andy Kim,Democratic
ocd-person/6b47c0e2-77d5-5126-b7a5-82bea8fb9c67,Angie Craig,Democratic
ocd-person/273dd641-da15-5fc0-bdc9-496cc9b65fbd,"Angus S. King, Jr.",Independent
ocd-person/7ed34023-b42f-57bc-af69-b36a680122f2,Ann M. Kuster,Democratic
ocd-person/12958b9f-2301-5bdb-bf13-81b3de147574,Ann Wagner,Republican
ocd-person/047b7a92-9713-54e5-8429-bcd2214908c7,Anna G. Eshoo,Democratic
ocd-person/d18ec0cb-328b-54c8-8785-5f924799f5fe,Anna Paulina Luna,Republican
ocd-person/e024e123-9750-5f4e-bc3d-6d892218868d,Anthony D’Esposito,Republican
ocd-person/50705d33-6967-5424-8f57-7df22ecbc6e6,Ashley Hinson,Republican
ocd-person/2519c079-f97e-532b-b53e-167398fd7398,August Pfluger,Republican
ocd-person/eb3fa86b-690c-5cc0-8f5e-54af60f28a06,Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen,Republican
ocd-person/20c33933-79f5-58d1-834c-60779932257e,Austin Scott,Republican
ocd-person/ab80da0d-902f-5d28-b765-1885853182bd,Ayanna Pressley,Democratic
ocd-person/3cbc3ca2-4447-50e2-abed-ba3fe86569d8,Barbara Lee,Democratic
ocd-person/13e07344-3cec-5f29-a27b-2dd6979dbeb5,Barry Loudermilk,Republican
ocd-person/b242258c-669a-53a7-be30-5f529f03398e,Barry Moore,Republican
ocd-person/510c6c69-df0f-5b09-b4c7-066256ace832,Becca Balint,Democratic
ocd-person/bb0d60f6-19a4-5229-a67d-a1d428e7c0b2,Ben Cline,Republican
ocd-person/5f5817b7-43b0-5bb3-93de-0f838a801635,Ben Ray Luján,Democratic
ocd-person/18b53a95-c658-5a23-8c3e-074a7e0d27e3,Benjamin L. Cardin,Democratic
ocd-person/c171d352-db84-5c96-8260-1fcd7eab2575,Bennie G. Thompson,Democratic
ocd-person/a1ec37b6-9f54-529a-8165-ff96e9d8d93e,Bernard Sanders,Independent
ocd-person/861bd195-d8aa-5e72-9699-4f5ad3d5e499,Beth Van Duyne,Republican
ocd-person/61c4224a-c1d6-5739-bca6-0db7e58d84bd,Betty McCollum,Democratic
ocd-person/851546e4-4af0-5505-8a1c-4f2a83813589,Bill Cassidy,Republican
ocd-person/a512ad2f-4554-5b04-a00b-1de672f9099a,Bill Foster,Democratic
ocd-person/fb408324-49e1-56ad-8425-65c2a1e88103,Bill Hagerty,Republican
ocd-person/ce06af2e-4591-560d-8f14-8f1817c9ad1f,Bill Huizenga,Republican
ocd-person/bff03292-2b2c-55fc-aa20-83dce2fccd77,"Bill Pascrell, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/40abdb56-d1b4-54a3-bc53-b586f8c06ac3,Bill Posey,Republican
ocd-person/686325e7-8dc3-587d-9ee1-e0ad14202350,Blaine Luetkemeyer,Republican
ocd-person/3854aa11-1cec-58f6-8e90-c721a0db3525,Blake D. Moore,Republican
ocd-person/e53e5a13-c82a-5208-96d0-f6769c0d8a67,Bob Good,Republican
ocd-person/ff55ab02-9d61-544c-8f4d-710a09d8f5db,Bonnie Watson Coleman,Democratic
ocd-person/bc26b71a-566f-57fd-9d5b-23bc27e4c4a4,Brad Finstad,Republican
ocd-person/717ac307-3248-5726-bdcf-de58d683943f,Brad R. Wenstrup,Republican
ocd-person/4015098b-d823-5776-9b47-ceb09bf523a9,Brad Sherman,Democratic
ocd-person/a3c68bbd-f241-52c8-a7e9-7f340f316b7a,Bradley Scott Schneider,Democratic
ocd-person/4b5ef955-4806-51d0-83f3-177000f67b3c,Brandon Williams,Republican
ocd-person/d1509871-89c0-5f39-bc3d-b55e444e3909,Brendan F. Boyle,Democratic
ocd-person/a7ba76d3-828f-52bd-9b30-cdbacf0af2b8,Brett Guthrie,Republican
ocd-person/e1f14f02-810c-52c5-8ad5-b2744b95a069,Brian Babin,Republican
ocd-person/e7b50abf-92e8-56f1-a5f7-7db9a63fb43f,Brian J. Mast,Republican
ocd-person/a6a4c673-58ba-587b-b36b-7a559c379f23,Brian K. Fitzpatrick,Republican
ocd-person/bd24fe60-5756-5d23-bcbf-4734f366c257,Brian Schatz,Democratic
ocd-person/4f00239f-feef-59fa-87de-5a62e277bb5f,Brittany Pettersen,Democratic
ocd-person/c46204bc-8484-585e-91de-6053bd3c3cbc,Bruce Westerman,Republican
ocd-person/3203c6f1-12ea-59aa-aeb4-9faa94e04f17,Bryan Steil,Republican
ocd-person/f5c47b2f-8eb9-51f9-b403-d41b5bdcd229,Burgess Owens,Republican
ocd-person/c281df65-bcd6-5f42-860c-874e38bcd03a,Byron Donalds,Republican
ocd-person/6badec3f-9e2b-5f2c-8683-dd8a7ae87d9f,C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger,Democratic
ocd-person/9db37a87-2ba9-56a0-9b42-89697222e044,Carlos A. Gimenez,Republican
ocd-person/1ad151d2-5d26-5421-9b6f-a87d4a05396f,Carol D. Miller,Republican
ocd-person/00bdfb60-1b6f-5a4a-9157-b7cafc399c46,Catherine Cortez Masto,Democratic
ocd-person/b420935f-8662-5012-ab5a-befcdc9e39f2,Cathy McMorris Rodgers,Republican
ocd-person/d242dd37-9f71-5412-9328-798305153967,Celeste Maloy,Republican
ocd-person/ced62f94-88a6-5a4b-b470-89cf1ee4bdac,Charles E. Schumer,Democratic
ocd-person/640abb7e-8890-59bc-b5cb-b21c88288657,"Charles J. ""Chuck"" Fleischmann",Republican
ocd-person/78a440e5-f314-5f5b-930b-48ab822bb39a,Chellie Pingree,Democratic
ocd-person/2398f81d-6371-544d-a7ff-24cf993a716b,Chip Roy,Republican
ocd-person/22a8725b-acc8-530a-9a57-6b0a7f750fca,Chris Pappas,Democratic
ocd-person/6b768c01-2e7d-5316-9ece-d5e215648f85,Chris Van Hollen,Democratic
ocd-person/04b67b59-b46f-5db7-96e3-a78591cf0734,Chrissy Houlahan,Democratic
ocd-person/792faee4-b972-54ed-b42d-47b41a22ccb3,Christopher A. Coons,Democratic
ocd-person/84a22f15-cf83-5f0b-a048-a6fc50aa60fe,Christopher H. Smith,Republican
ocd-person/ef439b89-0461-56c7-aec5-93b6369e18a7,Christopher Murphy,Democratic
ocd-person/06299567-cfd4-5679-ad04-893e9f980275,Christopher R. Deluzio,Democratic
ocd-person/1b8394c7-93d4-5a22-91cf-264782834b9b,Chuck Edwards,Republican
ocd-person/259d896b-e9b5-5237-9243-f5597ae0db7c,Chuck Grassley,Republican
ocd-person/3827ab20-4901-56bc-a6ea-e7c275da9eb9,Cindy Hyde-Smith,Republican
ocd-person/21f20fe0-1075-512d-99a6-cafcebf57d20,Claudia Tenney,Republican
ocd-person/ffc5bfa2-67c8-5743-afa6-3250b0752485,Clay Higgins,Republican
ocd-person/dd9d3668-b18a-5102-8628-7f2972350402,Cliff Bentz,Republican
ocd-person/45574c8a-7f88-525b-b5b8-255a8d69f335,Colin Z. Allred,Democratic
ocd-person/adba4aa8-0d6a-5a7f-9a71-d1a9f9c5e1a0,Cori Bush,Democratic
ocd-person/d0bb2662-40b6-52d2-94e6-2bf9d588c954,Cory A. Booker,Democratic
ocd-person/e9c6e580-58c8-5a0c-a18c-d11c073a9964,Cory Mills,Republican
ocd-person/b6ae1e91-803f-5ce8-98fe-86f85c52dd42,Cynthia M. Lummis,Republican
ocd-person/e54a4532-aa1e-5e2d-b630-4f35ef10a46f,Dale W. Strong,Republican
ocd-person/ff2f62f3-ccac-57d0-bcad-47a3bfeacb79,Dan Bishop,Republican
ocd-person/6e2bcde3-a1f5-5296-9f9f-88c71885f3db,Dan Crenshaw,Republican
ocd-person/c2de8671-10f6-5eb3-8624-a9fd877464b5,Dan Newhouse,Republican
ocd-person/a6b5e853-563f-5b87-a14a-a1427f56b262,Dan Sullivan,Republican
ocd-person/df0edff1-f76c-5916-b28e-f70338b23a7a,Daniel Meuser,Republican
ocd-person/4c77555b-f35d-53ca-8c7d-7950b90a1b60,Daniel S. Goldman,Democratic
ocd-person/ba55e5b8-ac4e-5ea8-b7a8-d180e10a3562,Daniel T. Kildee,Democratic
ocd-person/04db1dc5-1903-5913-a439-fed236ff85a3,Daniel Webster,Republican
ocd-person/a494987e-6674-5df8-a8b2-de4b5a99de86,Danny K. Davis,Democratic
ocd-person/a7bc3999-648e-58ed-b606-f387e825427c,Darin LaHood,Republican
ocd-person/15e5e4c2-568f-55b4-9aa2-54797027c984,Darrell Issa,Republican
ocd-person/ef44884b-f8bf-542b-b1ae-f36c7cf8e962,Darren Soto,Democratic
ocd-person/cf552a34-e9e1-5de9-9270-b5b441dd89fe,David G. Valadao,Republican
ocd-person/e23c900b-5d24-55cb-a1d1-73ac69e597ef,David J. Trone,Democratic
ocd-person/5beaa710-fc70-563c-9842-f885e13d9aea,David Kustoff,Republican
ocd-person/b7ff0450-1acd-5127-b3f5-7246374119a9,David P. Joyce,Republican
ocd-person/5e9726e3-2aae-5708-9227-0e95ac43c203,David Rouzer,Republican
ocd-person/100d00e0-275c-5bd0-960e-c24c3b50a8e5,David Schweikert,Republican
ocd-person/e6650822-1063-5485-b062-d169ea173ec2,David Scott,Democratic
ocd-person/501837d6-d9cc-5b1e-a2e3-e53f047192a5,Dean Phillips,Democratic
ocd-person/1e87267c-1e9f-5e46-a266-b1d557a8571b,Deb Fischer,Republican
ocd-person/b48d0289-7d22-5bb4-bd17-b351aa3ec4a2,Debbie Dingell,Democratic
ocd-person/ce00d736-9c65-52f1-9cdf-aff115c2b7b4,Debbie Lesko,Republican
ocd-person/a18130ac-79f6-54ad-a80d-14b143f0742f,Debbie Stabenow,Democratic
ocd-person/7bacff4a-1d4a-5c4f-a59c-311206c181d2,Debbie Wasserman Schultz,Democratic
ocd-person/ea21df34-9ef4-5746-b83a-700bdc2d1918,Deborah K. Ross,Democratic
ocd-person/34d76857-187b-5f62-a2d1-ddfcd13494cf,Delia C. Ramirez,Democratic
ocd-person/0a7f80ad-caf7-5d0b-b50b-441764153649,Derek Kilmer,Democratic
ocd-person/b96b406a-d60a-57fe-96d1-c1dd5b189ab1,Derrick Van Orden,Republican
ocd-person/241df76f-7089-5821-ab7f-bb54d92ee9d7,Diana DeGette,Democratic
ocd-person/b090c59e-4d88-5d35-99ba-ec3798f88978,Diana Harshbarger,Republican
ocd-person/51152aac-2c93-5445-99ed-026df5b6ad37,Dina Titus,Democratic
ocd-person/d409840c-63c1-53e4-9ff6-e5677cef9fe6,Don Bacon,Republican
ocd-person/33867761-33c6-5036-b3da-43fb485b65c9,Donald G. Davis,Democratic
ocd-person/fa65b2cc-a6a5-56fa-8c78-5bc2ecdd93e6,"Donald M. Payne, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/b0e4bf70-7945-5f39-bb1b-f993a59367b4,Donald Norcross,Democratic
ocd-person/63d110f3-ccdb-5783-9d6a-4a7103f30c01,"Donald S. Beyer, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/5262c34c-a015-5290-9ca4-3b6ec86f4b1d,Doris O. Matsui,Democratic
ocd-person/4e34a7cb-7c10-5e5d-8086-a33ef00207bd,Doug LaMalfa,Republican
ocd-person/c4154717-8bdf-5a5e-ac05-24c35f195a78,Doug Lamborn,Republican
ocd-person/1bc146c5-42d6-5bf7-a862-34747a4b8ed7,Dusty Johnson,Republican
ocd-person/c9d5abc5-4c4a-5ff5-a132-8885eb020e6e,Dwight Evans,Democratic
ocd-person/acd197d4-7996-5b4c-b01d-a61702d99385,Earl Blumenauer,Democratic
ocd-person/85e43f57-4901-52fd-9fad-57373277f5e1,"Earl L. ""Buddy"" Carter",Republican
ocd-person/20f1a4db-1281-5e3f-9d6d-657a3f178b3f,Ed Case,Democratic
ocd-person/bceb5ccd-31b0-5d03-894d-03cf2cbb2771,Edward J. Markey,Democratic
ocd-person/709b6b03-c38f-540b-85f2-83c16f62d3bd,Eleanor Holmes Norton,Democratic
ocd-person/e59ccc1e-b5f0-5b86-9b5b-a8fbf6038665,Elijah Crane,Republican
ocd-person/febd3b9d-501f-5191-aaff-87666a5af603,Elise M. Stefanik,Republican
ocd-person/e7ebade8-8c17-50e0-ac00-70e0327b9071,Elissa Slotkin,Democratic
ocd-person/3de20aaf-f982-5aa3-8280-c5154be829aa,Elizabeth Warren,Democratic
ocd-person/8ea538b9-6af5-5683-8b4b-9061f89691c1,Emanuel Cleaver,Democratic
ocd-person/93c5c8f8-8311-547d-9465-9e7fdc557769,Emilia Strong Sykes,Democratic
ocd-person/9a89c225-65e9-5680-a780-9802c17cb7c4,"Eric A. ""Rick"" Crawford",Republican
ocd-person/6a54b336-ad96-5ceb-a963-50fe0f56c288,Eric Burlison,Republican
ocd-person/999df51b-9318-55b9-b0f6-d738ffc1d62d,Eric Schmitt,Republican
ocd-person/42d739b0-f570-5d50-b549-eeaa2c7507ee,Eric Sorensen,Democratic
ocd-person/032302ae-d513-5e31-bafc-8bc3cbb18d7c,Eric Swalwell,Democratic
ocd-person/c5e2bb91-8e10-5b4c-a442-bf5edb05bd45,Erin Houchin,Republican
ocd-person/90a2bdbf-1b51-5e72-aef9-5a98c305f31d,Frank D. Lucas,Republican
ocd-person/c6c1c65f-7735-5ebb-951c-56d6cacc8ebb,Frank J. Mrvan,Democratic
ocd-person/dfcc16d4-7116-5a16-bf7f-81c6f10d8276,"Frank Pallone, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/bd701bdc-2944-5bb8-b4bf-e2914e6e1241,Frederica S. Wilson,Democratic
ocd-person/c0f06e59-7d28-535f-8efe-5f49f273763d,Gabe Amo,Democratic
ocd-person/e643b29f-840b-51ac-aba1-62c85eb9e36c,Gabe Vasquez,Democratic
ocd-person/6b0fb307-b985-56d0-83d3-c17a01e9b98e,Garret Graves,Republican
ocd-person/edbfabfd-d26b-5d22-9a5d-f079181608f8,Gary C. Peters,Democratic
ocd-person/1add3f9c-2946-50ed-92e9-fa54a98fe985,Gary J. Palmer,Republican
ocd-person/ef3e7d6c-ac3c-58d2-9404-0b164aea0477,George S. Helmy,Democratic
ocd-person/716b011f-3673-558d-b35f-d5a454cafa81,Gerald E. Connolly,Democratic
ocd-person/57016d46-c931-5a93-aeb5-1ffec71fb87e,Glenn Grothman,Republican
ocd-person/3e53830a-108c-5864-92f1-9f9c8f7b1d0f,Glenn Ivey,Democratic
ocd-person/2faf9e06-f667-5b60-830f-2161dae9c77a,Glenn Thompson,Republican
ocd-person/228dc55f-1b76-5458-b344-4df46c4e632a,Grace F. Napolitano,Democratic
ocd-person/ae123357-c70e-5d29-b16f-2d17775ab0f6,Grace Meng,Democratic
ocd-person/3b0de391-3f75-564b-9b1c-c793300ff1a9,Greg Casar,Democratic
ocd-person/63dfcb23-8196-5bd6-a5cc-b6592d99150e,Greg Landsman,Democratic
ocd-person/b513aafd-8615-53db-910f-b0d3e4c0dec6,Greg Lopez,Republican
ocd-person/4c0bab34-0485-54c6-8b00-15042f52fd87,Greg Pence,Republican
ocd-person/3300ee9c-6602-5be9-9bb5-2fb7f65a8d5c,Greg Stanton,Democratic
ocd-person/3f4f5bab-eae1-594a-a93f-53c463b03d5b,Gregorio Kilili Camacho Sablan,Democratic
ocd-person/b66a5d85-c9cd-5689-a482-d175230ab86d,Gregory F. Murphy,Republican
ocd-person/372b42da-f525-5938-9a01-e21378fe287c,Gregory W. Meeks,Democratic
ocd-person/cd29931a-8dab-5ad7-8d4e-f0066cce7d4c,Gus M. Bilirakis,Republican
ocd-person/58bfb394-46c1-51e6-9f85-c3f091ddada7,Guy Reschenthaler,Republican
ocd-person/0223a517-1c97-5425-8bca-2120c45ce2e5,Gwen Moore,Democratic
ocd-person/562f0794-c1fb-50ee-b69c-3a01b25cfc3a,H. Morgan Griffith,Republican
ocd-person/f06d8480-e875-5184-8316-4140a912a03d,Hakeem S. Jeffries,Democratic
ocd-person/62d84fce-0ff4-53df-b7a8-4c02d1dc8654,Haley M. Stevens,Democratic
ocd-person/8b8caa4b-52c1-54aa-bb51-bd0bccdc69b9,Harold Rogers,Republican
ocd-person/17005404-0e78-5bcc-8a71-d67af0e033fd,Harriet M. Hageman,Republican
ocd-person/51b7316e-0885-571b-8a2e-daf54dd906bb,"Henry C. ""Hank"" Johnson, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/f67869ed-f124-54ce-b870-600ae4ff20e8,Henry Cuellar,Democratic
ocd-person/55404260-10e4-59e0-b228-2a01a21fb952,Hillary J. Scholten,Democratic
ocd-person/dc1ded48-08a5-5981-be73-53bbbe668782,Ilhan Omar,Democratic
ocd-person/73ff0305-598d-5558-9b5e-6834be8a503a,J. French Hill,Republican
ocd-person/86b65fd7-4549-51fa-80e8-eaf3daf3e60e,J. Luis Correa,Democratic
ocd-person/5a8792bc-1520-56aa-ab19-729008cd559b,J.D. Vance,Republican
ocd-person/5f3b131a-0f64-5d55-875a-2861e5347727,Jack Bergman,Republican
ocd-person/e62576aa-1bf5-5664-ad0f-b1fdbcdead56,Jack Reed,Democratic
ocd-person/2f7f8ec5-f652-5c47-8dcb-06d7bc54557c,Jacky Rosen,Democratic
ocd-person/1d87ca8c-1a95-531f-bbdd-34e1679d45d2,Jahana Hayes,Democratic
ocd-person/a68063b7-2ce8-5638-a836-4fa7b22b3432,Jake Auchincloss,Democratic
ocd-person/7add5a36-095e-5209-b94f-71b436555100,Jake Ellzey,Republican
ocd-person/b4bfc55d-3cdd-5a6e-accf-912a2b2d28b8,Jake LaTurner,Republican
ocd-person/e79a7ea4-9fcd-5c43-99b3-68bee77eb928,Jamaal Bowman,Democratic
ocd-person/e1a8d4da-7cbd-571e-817d-774ff06bb342,James A. Himes,Democratic
ocd-person/4f6d6ecb-8f69-5f40-9965-ac5fab1e3dba,James C. Moylan,Republican
ocd-person/57b0c699-cef2-5740-bd15-4ad2562f8975,James Comer,Republican
ocd-person/e24e02a4-f70c-5b9e-84e2-eda2d153f80f,James E. Clyburn,Democratic
ocd-person/e8bb2501-1603-543f-9667-9089f781aa97,James E. Risch,Republican
ocd-person/62a44404-9be2-5bbc-b672-0ed5f1aba53d,James Lankford,Republican
ocd-person/d44223bc-5f00-56aa-be61-28b5a3b4429d,James P. McGovern,Democratic
ocd-person/749232ec-b66c-5bd7-b828-10a466b95f0a,James R. Baird,Republican
ocd-person/289b4cb5-a838-5b08-8f74-e06d4d251ae7,Jamie Raskin,Democratic
ocd-person/c5e8693c-dca3-5ff7-b456-e71d944e4fb0,Janice D. Schakowsky,Democratic
ocd-person/3c47a44a-29b8-5aa1-b61a-9e49ea0caf99,Jared F. Golden,Democratic
ocd-person/c2b08e7d-2372-5af6-b333-7ea2787cb3ca,Jared Huffman,Democratic
ocd-person/356c2159-c402-51d8-b4eb-697aaff46dc2,Jared Moskowitz,Democratic
ocd-person/fafd6715-85a1-509b-98d1-6df68904f028,Jasmine Crockett,Democratic
ocd-person/fb2f7d0c-f39b-50a6-8bdc-8bdc181683bc,Jason Crow,Democratic
ocd-person/559a5a0c-4b35-56f0-aa59-76c98e6cfb45,Jason Smith,Republican
ocd-person/d78f994b-01dc-5dfb-a08f-fc2ca2cef7ec,Jay Obernolte,Republican
ocd-person/6d497134-2c53-5987-add8-6fffeaa96cda,Jeanne Shaheen,Democratic
ocd-person/5c67147e-00d5-5430-b1c1-59a6da4269d6,Jeff Duncan,Republican
ocd-person/4f9693d4-e175-536f-bd51-e884f84b9a6d,Jeff Jackson,Democratic
ocd-person/96291b83-ea59-594a-97cf-630189e0b8ed,Jeff Merkley,Democratic
ocd-person/a7706596-7110-5866-935b-b44668b92af1,Jefferson Van Drew,Republican
ocd-person/130d2a3b-6ca1-560e-b0cd-a7c08366cff3,Jennifer Kiggans,Republican
ocd-person/6d89e5cc-c605-55ff-ba4d-b3d58d6ac1af,Jennifer L. McClellan,Democratic
ocd-person/660e8554-8d00-501a-bd27-e65689d39837,Jennifer Wexton,Democratic
ocd-person/3f563cbe-7057-5771-b8d0-6e2e063da96f,Jenniffer González-Colón,Republican
ocd-person/d6cd4f62-7c5f-5595-ac5e-4e40741e5f3b,Jerrold Nadler,Democratic
ocd-person/6813a4c1-4353-5517-9314-5d36ecebabfd,Jerry L. Carl,Republican
ocd-person/00c39487-8eec-5494-af5e-96e9b025a39b,Jerry Moran,Republican
ocd-person/f89c416f-c08d-5251-9a31-201a5265e283,"Jesús G. ""Chuy"" García",Democratic
ocd-person/8bd432ce-3c98-5811-afd6-65f19c5ab6ba,Jill N. Tokuda,Democratic
ocd-person/befb976c-1369-5d86-a53f-4aeebdf486cc,Jim Banks,Republican
ocd-person/8d953afe-9b42-5c80-9f43-4ccf8af79513,Jim Costa,Democratic
ocd-person/bc5dadc9-a085-507e-82e1-1622d9a1fc90,Jim Jordan,Republican
ocd-person/20be777c-8a2b-54c6-9b54-df88ff19b8ae,Jimmy Gomez,Democratic
ocd-person/946e688a-6b60-567e-bea7-893eb4364acc,Jimmy Panetta,Democratic
ocd-person/d0fe7bc7-b883-5485-814f-f7cee999e409,Joaquin Castro,Democratic
ocd-person/4938e6be-7c14-536d-a559-91c74fcc17db,Jodey C. Arrington,Republican
ocd-person/b34622c6-66c7-5f9a-822f-55e3f9ac3c73,Joe Courtney,Democratic
ocd-person/3da2fb45-0c89-544c-b41d-888d623cf99c,"Joe Manchin, III",Independent
ocd-person/04243e35-118c-5541-a21e-763c594a083a,Joe Neguse,Democratic
ocd-person/af50abf4-b711-5bbc-a920-465e39c99f42,Joe Wilson,Republican
ocd-person/4d2b82fc-189e-5007-980f-64a85612afdb,John B. Larson,Democratic
ocd-person/80f88c07-5f6d-5ca3-8121-9202259a50f2,John Barrasso,Republican
ocd-person/b352dd8b-dd06-57b0-833a-2b0b3bd33ad6,John Boozman,Republican
ocd-person/d274933a-e19d-5d3b-ab91-dc6611aaadd1,John Cornyn,Republican
ocd-person/6f500f52-75ce-5cf0-afc6-5be71f0921d2,John Fetterman,Democratic
ocd-person/d4381c32-b267-5e35-b118-c0da3a0a80a1,John Garamendi,Democratic
ocd-person/5ab7829c-a819-5616-ac0e-a0aaa359f493,John H. Rutherford,Republican
ocd-person/18c027d3-52ca-5a48-a4d2-73167e382096,John Hoeven,Republican
ocd-person/f32918a9-b738-5f20-8c3e-f95c7fda80cb,John James,Republican
ocd-person/50b75c29-4e98-5622-b60f-59485dcc1141,John Joyce,Republican
ocd-person/7a996578-ee76-59c8-856c-4f63861a62da,John Kennedy,Republican
ocd-person/a1232c4d-25eb-555a-85a3-b2e168a086c1,John P. Sarbanes,Democratic
ocd-person/7b014168-dc13-5568-96df-8c7cbb335268,John R. Carter,Republican
ocd-person/7cc5139d-8e53-560c-9828-926395e1552d,John R. Curtis,Republican
ocd-person/cb38b814-2794-505a-9232-f1bd56ca3ca0,John R. Moolenaar,Republican
ocd-person/b8e3fe12-d102-5c54-a4d2-be9d6a3f73f9,John S. Duarte,Republican
ocd-person/342214ae-2e66-50a4-9a10-acc467bd5d98,John Thune,Republican
ocd-person/e4ea61a6-63ea-53e6-b61e-4c735a0b7818,John W. Hickenlooper,Democratic
ocd-person/a30feb1f-c9fe-5612-808e-8fe5a55b76dc,John W. Rose,Republican
ocd-person/4e48da38-17ab-5580-bced-2ea00b9b2843,Jon Ossoff,Democratic
ocd-person/9f388589-39f3-5470-af3d-d74720d56afc,Jon Tester,Democratic
ocd-person/f862c305-dfc3-5525-a488-8b57d58fad50,Jonathan L. Jackson,Democratic
ocd-person/86133add-b3ff-52c2-a71e-442b9afeff6b,Joni Ernst,Republican
ocd-person/70681900-af7f-5ee5-b826-7ab8c4194a9e,Joseph D. Morelle,Democratic
ocd-person/68651247-63fc-5dad-8071-4efef949f7fd,Josh Brecheen,Republican
ocd-person/8ce4e2db-be5a-5493-a399-b2e6061301ba,Josh Gottheimer,Democratic
ocd-person/3ed77541-5a79-56b1-94d9-79baa74e938b,Josh Harder,Democratic
ocd-person/0a7d370e-88bd-5b83-9b93-c8607c036d7a,Josh Hawley,Republican
ocd-person/47fb8c8b-1c71-5c66-9781-94be94803332,Joyce Beatty,Democratic
ocd-person/435b9cf1-2f02-5ec2-a54e-a42ef044db07,Juan Ciscomani,Republican
ocd-person/904bef1f-7ef4-51af-aeef-b0ac8e1fbe06,Juan Vargas,Democratic
ocd-person/a06fc4e8-2e1e-52b6-9aef-83d9405fe16b,Judy Chu,Democratic
ocd-person/84e51316-26ee-55c7-88e8-ae3bd2b7b3cc,Julia Brownley,Democratic
ocd-person/2a914bb0-5ddc-52d0-abb0-f0cd7830fc5f,Julia Letlow,Republican
ocd-person/0963048e-e973-5563-a888-497a3bd4a492,Kat Cammack,Republican
ocd-person/c882e018-77a3-529f-83ca-151e98d04264,Katherine M. Clark,Democratic
ocd-person/4e9be052-7054-5a13-84af-4e5176dbac41,Kathy Castor,Democratic
ocd-person/1c6b4ab9-cf1b-5dc1-a537-b991aff8fe5b,Kathy E. Manning,Democratic
ocd-person/7bf077d8-e8b9-503e-b9c2-d18b55951e93,Katie Boyd Britt,Republican
ocd-person/8582a25f-087e-5d46-8c12-7dd2e5cf5417,Katie Porter,Democratic
ocd-person/32f7cd03-4f8d-5354-b6d1-114bdd4f9af1,Kay Granger,Republican
ocd-person/404f8ca3-d216-5c95-b5aa-17176b25aa16,Keith Self,Republican
ocd-person/ea4b65ca-7dbf-575b-abdb-1ac17d6ebb13,Kelly Armstrong,Republican
ocd-person/3ca12a7a-5192-58bf-ba92-c219af17d74c,Ken Calvert,Republican
ocd-person/b18c868c-a789-5a02-8070-c0c473d55304,Kevin Cramer,Republican
ocd-person/139e15e1-4a50-5126-ad7a-b462c44f00e0,Kevin Hern,Republican
ocd-person/4aee9639-900f-5593-aab0-b55bb3e8da51,Kevin Kiley,Republican
ocd-person/c0400bec-65fe-5112-bf85-3a185ed0b601,Kevin Mullin,Democratic
ocd-person/eb152f16-def8-5b51-9379-e7e463628ad6,Kim Schrier,Democratic
ocd-person/d3f90fd1-5f64-5d18-a658-bdd021b89f46,Kirsten E. Gillibrand,Democratic
ocd-person/79575558-ef44-5bb5-9c64-3d3fe3fb4427,Kweisi Mfume,Democratic
ocd-person/37a72ecf-c1ae-5c91-b4ee-d72f4e9e8894,Kyrsten Sinema,Independent
ocd-person/8d52be7e-dba0-5b01-bb9a-c0cfb72fa609,Lance Gooden,Republican
ocd-person/0490575c-d32c-56f5-9d82-c0511ebe4fb8,Laphonza R. Butler,Democratic
ocd-person/9b31b2fc-8303-5ad0-85d3-1051a49aedb2,Larry Bucshon,Republican
ocd-person/96350e36-02c1-512a-8b83-fdd0dd93be88,Laurel M. Lee,Republican
ocd-person/bbaa33e5-6ab2-5fba-bb46-35e44f89e553,Lauren Boebert,Republican
ocd-person/9415f4f1-c2b8-5543-b695-d8cace3373f2,Lauren Underwood,Democratic
ocd-person/b01048a9-27a5-5fed-b5ef-7bf3b3be6d04,Linda T. Sánchez,Democratic
ocd-person/111e4df8-6815-5549-9833-57120f302f81,Lindsey Graham,Republican
ocd-person/0b32bee9-863e-522f-99b8-9ad8e5d8f42e,Lisa Blunt Rochester,Democratic
ocd-person/f8a1c19c-3aa4-5c20-a8a4-211a40b2c540,Lisa C. McClain,Republican
ocd-person/cd76253c-a786-586d-aaac-bd14db985c3b,Lisa Murkowski,Republican
ocd-person/b2b37c5e-17c0-5833-b5e0-fe4f93834761,Lizzie Fletcher,Democratic
ocd-person/09fc76c2-eb6b-52c2-bc3d-de183e362df0,Lloyd Doggett,Democratic
ocd-person/0f2326f2-b5dc-5428-bcaa-9a1078d0750c,Lloyd Smucker,Republican
ocd-person/6dca533f-6c45-5308-9d6c-b579d4baf301,Lois Frankel,Democratic
ocd-person/dba5c00d-d539-5816-8781-e63f28d8b3e2,Lori Chavez-DeRemer,Republican
ocd-person/f8d561c8-c0f2-5251-9d52-53289b82c7d9,Lori Trahan,Democratic
ocd-person/b5d26a8a-2954-574c-abf8-1c232e928c9c,Lucy McBath,Democratic
ocd-person/1daf07ea-2575-511e-a5a8-47f0662cf209,Madeleine Dean,Democratic
ocd-person/fe3cbb3c-90cd-5661-8f02-2e7da15459b8,Marc A. Veasey,Democratic
ocd-person/014b069e-c444-50fe-99ef-bf72ae5aecd5,Marco Rubio,Republican
ocd-person/5cc850f2-c4fa-5844-ab4c-bb44a07159ac,Marcus J. Molinaro,Republican
ocd-person/b6f3dafd-0c6e-5694-ac20-59a88e891f62,Marcy Kaptur,Democratic
ocd-person/c59c2d02-3a1e-55a7-b1eb-638a902899d5,Margaret Wood Hassan,Democratic
ocd-person/46c3b77a-7d00-5ecc-83d0-04c8fa05bf04,Maria Cantwell,Democratic
ocd-person/23524e03-1206-50cb-844d-ddea47f258da,Maria Elvira Salazar,Republican
ocd-person/fc8623ea-be1e-518f-aa76-3598910fa676,Mariannette Miller-Meeks,Republican
ocd-person/3d465b8f-2f67-5283-8cab-da3990ec8c49,Marie Gluesenkamp Perez,Democratic
ocd-person/f0914f67-02b0-5f3c-8f03-949f79c30f62,Marilyn Strickland,Democratic
ocd-person/7e5729d1-198d-5389-be51-d1e05969729c,Mario Diaz-Balart,Republican
ocd-person/8c511e48-a002-5f1c-a4b9-1cd18b7f7a6e,Marjorie Taylor Greene,Republican
ocd-person/baf62641-318a-58be-bb76-f7c6aeb97684,Mark Alford,Republican
ocd-person/a1d66d4f-5f94-5605-9e25-96c8f5b4e2df,Mark DeSaulnier,Democratic
ocd-person/e58ac762-d546-52f3-8efd-8a2c8f12f731,Mark E. Amodei,Republican
ocd-person/92fdf72b-20aa-5d08-83b8-833c4714b0ac,Mark E. Green,Republican
ocd-person/30665d55-5695-5ede-930d-c92e63e4ee65,Mark Kelly,Democratic
ocd-person/50093b91-c03b-5dbf-acb8-e5881dd576e4,Mark Pocan,Democratic
ocd-person/0149412b-3e52-5743-bf11-a11ef4a98856,Mark R. Warner,Democratic
ocd-person/d01bffb6-a515-5ca5-8203-3a9b8d5da15e,Mark Takano,Democratic
ocd-person/c1fcdb86-e58e-59ed-94f2-40e481824423,Markwayne Mullin,Republican
ocd-person/fad2ab8c-d191-5eb8-9bd8-5bbc44a35f0d,Marsha Blackburn,Republican
ocd-person/fb46b038-d2a8-5824-bb36-deb07f8d9f54,Martin Heinrich,Democratic
ocd-person/b98a30a0-ae7f-5910-9883-3132a7164446,Mary E. Miller,Republican
ocd-person/4dc45e4a-78e1-545f-94c1-10c1d9a12f15,Mary Gay Scanlon,Democratic
ocd-person/be59b2eb-82fa-5b34-af53-30a9aa8b1123,Mary Sattler Peltola,Democratic
ocd-person/1f22bb4c-3315-53ae-848a-e30bb8fec18e,Matt Cartwright,Democratic
ocd-person/89e031c0-3988-5b08-b7a3-7d4e63eb0579,Matt Gaetz,Republican
ocd-person/5b030c5d-0d50-5452-b2f8-95f8659056fb,"Matthew M. Rosendale, Sr.",Republican
ocd-person/a26ef77d-1f50-5c77-918d-83f917ac83fb,Max L. Miller,Republican
ocd-person/fc7a4a9e-9274-546f-ae5c-bcf46f3fe0f2,Maxine Waters,Democratic
ocd-person/f0bef4bc-bb68-55ca-afb8-9104567b2f17,Maxwell Frost,Democratic
ocd-person/ee89a520-227a-575d-8379-5d36b6e6b2a2,Mazie K. Hirono,Democratic
ocd-person/e3c837d0-9b42-53c9-a131-896bb28aa319,Melanie A. Stansbury,Democratic
ocd-person/91ba3b6a-a4c8-54ab-8964-8498641a6d8f,Michael A. Rulli,Republican
ocd-person/e40d8398-4cca-57bb-a8cc-8376230801d4,Michael C. Burgess,Republican
ocd-person/da5e831e-227c-58a1-bf1a-86782158fb57,Michael Cloud,Republican
ocd-person/16a0a125-6ebe-58b3-810f-df10c0e7df1f,Michael F. Bennet,Democratic
ocd-person/6b015607-c3dd-5867-a1bb-733bf84fe091,Michael Guest,Republican
ocd-person/ba023811-213b-5bb1-a0dc-11a9458364f1,Michael K. Simpson,Republican
ocd-person/029be488-4aad-5a5f-95f1-7ab1aaf27c29,Michael Lawler,Republican
ocd-person/bac6c65d-846b-5e60-9532-fa216c99ccf6,Michael R. Turner,Republican
ocd-person/15d37180-ddd2-5bb6-8dd4-cdd2690eca86,Michael T. McCaul,Republican
ocd-person/f335088b-3b7b-5009-9dd9-f389ffe59cdb,Michael Waltz,Republican
ocd-person/66724fb4-e553-59cb-b8ba-314e3bf9f1ea,Michelle Fischbach,Republican
ocd-person/b95a5cd3-53ca-5f03-8b14-703add32cf84,Michelle Steel,Republican
ocd-person/f49d7d57-812e-584d-85f7-0c3b547bfca4,Mike Bost,Republican
ocd-person/c3e17251-9796-592a-a8ed-8dea288dadf7,Mike Braun,Republican
ocd-person/e2402add-94f2-53fa-9f40-69ba590c744f,Mike Carey,Republican
ocd-person/0f7a88d1-4e4c-565a-b905-706181d7b561,Mike Collins,Republican
ocd-person/9243a3a9-4e91-5fc8-9643-ae46455b688b,Mike Crapo,Republican
ocd-person/fef4e629-aa7e-5bc5-9128-abfce1af96d5,Mike Ezell,Republican
ocd-person/51e14e3d-a2c7-5d16-81d5-6608049b5d7e,Mike Flood,Republican
ocd-person/0f9b050b-b8cf-56d9-bc31-edfcdd3c2fe5,Mike Gallagher,Republican
ocd-person/db31d257-8b81-52c8-a2e1-d26c6ee4a8be,Mike Garcia,Republican
ocd-person/ef2a1e73-edb7-5f53-9f61-da2020fc417d,Mike Johnson,Republican
ocd-person/72511635-46e3-536d-8880-b32c7cf3e470,Mike Kelly,Republican
ocd-person/461257ff-088f-5edd-b342-4652ce1c111f,Mike Lee,Republican
ocd-person/ac0c3c4b-14c8-5bc1-bb8b-001af291ee3d,Mike Levin,Democratic
ocd-person/b8578429-a84d-5542-a903-02feaee3a7d4,Mike Quigley,Democratic
ocd-person/612162b9-752c-50f4-b2e5-de10dae5c160,Mike Rogers,Republican
ocd-person/bfd392c5-2d61-56fa-94c6-ea12aaee7ea6,Mike Rounds,Republican
ocd-person/237700e9-fd25-5daa-a301-2fde714f5923,Mike Thompson,Democratic
ocd-person/bbe70084-5f54-5897-8518-a9467558a4b1,Mikie Sherrill,Democratic
ocd-person/200bd7b3-ce8e-5541-a649-b53e30862567,Mitch McConnell,Republican
ocd-person/2279327b-86e8-5baf-ad04-7b3e20f3da0c,Mitt Romney,Republican
ocd-person/c03dd126-0872-5937-9967-68aedb1ab964,Monica De La Cruz,Republican
ocd-person/868d6300-e9e7-5df4-bfe1-2e7fd1a632ac,Morgan Luttrell,Republican
ocd-person/d9c43ab0-97c8-565b-80cf-9da35c1ccbee,Morgan McGarvey,Democratic
ocd-person/c50627f5-6447-55e3-9ca9-183daf188b58,Nancy Mace,Republican
ocd-person/8056c810-7170-5009-88c3-a670ab30164b,Nancy Pelosi,Democratic
ocd-person/5ec7a759-2c3a-5270-8328-13c7ac611580,Nanette Diaz Barragán,Democratic
ocd-person/0c6bf250-87f0-5c8b-8c0f-31366a703a37,Nathaniel Moran,Republican
ocd-person/cebc95c4-7c20-58c5-829c-c3391f0761fa,Neal P. Dunn,Republican
ocd-person/a4321566-0258-5d46-bc51-c1f77ba95ba0,Nicholas A. Langworthy,Republican
ocd-person/30fe5d74-0224-5d11-92d2-5766471e6cc5,Nick LaLota,Republican
ocd-person/d47735a4-c407-5389-bfd2-f638ffccdd06,Nicole Malliotakis,Republican
ocd-person/132a1bba-204a-5d4f-a406-40b4342bad1b,Nikema Williams,Democratic
ocd-person/f2c67d83-e6fb-5fa9-aa38-663e9f62e81b,Nikki Budzinski,Democratic
ocd-person/32caaab6-5712-57c2-83c6-7b226b2c1056,Norma J. Torres,Democratic
ocd-person/bc18d350-32b2-5e37-8b43-6f85ae9b5b09,Nydia M. Velázquez,Democratic
ocd-person/425d847d-6fbf-55a7-a117-76bca5e3f299,Pat Fallon,Republican
ocd-person/10de7024-4b40-57b0-ae78-101372fd4a02,Patrick Ryan,Democratic
ocd-person/3ae689a1-81a2-5c40-b26e-ee49648945d6,Patrick T. McHenry,Republican
ocd-person/eb3ab543-13a1-53db-a8a1-459e8e91b701,Patty Murray,Democratic
ocd-person/5eae38e3-8420-5c09-831a-db73d9cba978,Paul A. Gosar,Republican
ocd-person/19360ce3-5ad4-5b67-b253-0239a5360fbb,Paul Tonko,Democratic
ocd-person/705749f4-c12c-5090-88fa-012d36611500,Pete Aguilar,Democratic
ocd-person/e1b9405a-e695-5bc5-b3b0-6cdc1415f53c,Pete Ricketts,Republican
ocd-person/4325bd84-1297-5481-a6b7-80534123c81f,Pete Sessions,Republican
ocd-person/54c25fbc-b91d-5d2b-8403-9b8fb1fb6792,Pete Stauber,Republican
ocd-person/8addb5a8-a569-54b2-811b-b5d091350411,Peter Welch,Democratic
ocd-person/7849cc06-924b-5f36-a446-1f97d9fbdc63,Pramila Jayapal,Democratic
ocd-person/b13e8680-abc9-51dc-a6b6-bed78927bfff,Raja Krishnamoorthi,Democratic
ocd-person/06cee575-8fbe-5552-9f2b-9fe5aa2a3725,Raúl M. Grijalva,Democratic
ocd-person/9b2b75b5-2641-51be-91c3-9d14d40e4d1a,Ralph Norman,Republican
ocd-person/7a1c13f9-1aac-5461-aa2a-11642749828d,Rand Paul,Republican
ocd-person/31a92a8a-f498-5ca5-a37b-fd92b162c913,Randy Feenstra,Republican
ocd-person/4662eadc-a9a7-500c-b9c2-521a013d3729,"Randy K. Weber, Sr.",Republican
ocd-person/37f5a4b9-98b2-5c3d-857b-6e02f5123345,Raphael G. Warnock,Democratic
ocd-person/e7497932-512f-5b6f-8830-aa4b6737cd2e,Rashida Tlaib,Democratic
ocd-person/4db06595-7db2-51a8-8574-703e9af111b9,Raul Ruiz,Democratic
ocd-person/62fd9e8b-80ea-5484-b1f1-3f3b4c350cc3,Richard Blumenthal,Democratic
ocd-person/882d0f96-61bb-57b0-9683-c72425d337e9,Richard E. Neal,Democratic
ocd-person/18943ddd-9052-5b22-905b-65ff2ac3abf7,Richard Hudson,Republican
ocd-person/7d0c4665-2bcf-5e53-b450-25461cd13d85,Richard J. Durbin,Democratic
ocd-person/3056cc98-9ca1-5293-8064-fc12fd9c689f,Richard McCormick,Republican
ocd-person/9f1d5b03-66ab-5d94-9b92-aed4e8168c4d,Rick Larsen,Democratic
ocd-person/3a57e816-1e10-58b5-8394-0272542ca567,Rick Scott,Republican
ocd-person/4cdf55a7-a62e-5b3d-a07f-305f4e9dc5c1,Rick W. Allen,Republican
ocd-person/3a4aef6c-28c5-5cb7-a664-0e8c9d0c4fd2,Ritchie Torres,Democratic
ocd-person/1256e24c-ef63-5a90-9cf6-1da0dcd63ce8,Ro Khanna,Democratic
ocd-person/1a69c825-1015-5d72-a8d8-a720d586c3b4,Robert B. Aderholt,Republican
ocd-person/b20b2d62-fa4a-5014-baac-2f86e1c691eb,"Robert C. ""Bobby"" Scott",Democratic
ocd-person/2158a719-5cfa-5c41-92f7-4f0853782d2b,Robert E. Latta,Republican
ocd-person/48a4fe68-6141-50ff-8d0b-0693119fd250,Robert Garcia,Democratic
ocd-person/0adba0f5-0723-584b-8071-3e442a01f2d2,Robert J. Wittman,Republican
ocd-person/a516a327-22fc-57af-931b-f28926b44b85,Robert Menendez,Democratic
ocd-person/18aff1ad-b362-53c8-bc7c-59cda8993c62,"Robert P. Casey, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/ced9bf2d-1308-5316-94c0-c1410716021a,Robin L. Kelly,Democratic
ocd-person/8fe2b037-b8ff-5161-9bb4-196e9f1d9dca,Roger F. Wicker,Republican
ocd-person/09a67947-f66a-55ac-b4ba-5c656ad7f67d,Roger Marshall,Republican
ocd-person/e77e9595-b0fb-5923-a051-9f3221d8d6a9,Roger Williams,Republican
ocd-person/09eb0ce6-8616-5896-b1d2-d90f494eb4d9,Ron Estes,Republican
ocd-person/67d8f8b5-1fad-5132-9da8-3210783163a8,Ron Johnson,Republican
ocd-person/7b0a82d1-eb2f-53a3-8352-de8b64d41060,Ron Wyden,Democratic
ocd-person/417128fd-ee37-5676-988d-263b908aa027,Ronny Jackson,Republican
ocd-person/30e732cb-6e0a-5920-bd7e-8d62ca9b2f7c,Rosa L. DeLauro,Democratic
ocd-person/256da84c-1b8a-5d48-99ba-9c9f7dd2d310,Ruben Gallego,Democratic
ocd-person/bf37099b-56fe-54fe-acc1-a6d79a0107d1,Rudy Yakym III,Republican
ocd-person/59f2dee7-1c9f-588e-a8ca-158e054f7fca,Russ Fulcher,Republican
ocd-person/3036516e-5f78-5d6a-9160-989a3f6cd149,Russell Fry,Republican
ocd-person/23aee4a1-f0aa-5803-9678-aebad9194f19,Ryan K. Zinke,Republican
ocd-person/a106e70c-7857-5d7c-8252-5f4768818ef2,Salud O. Carbajal,Democratic
ocd-person/82ed7662-b9c2-53f7-bab6-c2d59732128b,Sam Graves,Republican
ocd-person/bbc6615a-22ca-51f6-b674-8c7753e93333,"Sanford D. Bishop, Jr.",Democratic
ocd-person/7c181af1-a048-53f0-a16c-833ffd27aef4,Sara Jacobs,Democratic
ocd-person/e34e7060-b2be-56c9-a20f-42de3d875b88,Scott DesJarlais,Republican
ocd-person/ad74f627-3223-5505-811c-599046becb2e,Scott Fitzgerald,Republican
ocd-person/04fde057-6aef-56ae-9baa-b1450d74ab09,Scott Franklin,Republican
ocd-person/379b2f6a-82e3-572b-a471-75020486662e,Scott H. Peters,Democratic
ocd-person/2ac15c4d-4052-5a49-9b5c-70b93a4e325e,Scott Perry,Republican
ocd-person/89f8b007-1bf3-589a-bffe-92acf526f448,Sean Casten,Democratic
ocd-person/2b7e8cfa-f37a-5155-ac79-e769b3cf71da,Seth Magaziner,Democratic
ocd-person/7cdb552c-a069-5bae-8c32-c42a2f6c04f6,Seth Moulton,Democratic
ocd-person/70056f40-1938-557d-be5d-ddb841c9f19a,Sharice Davids,Democratic
ocd-person/89e894b3-e6a6-5c7c-bc77-dd60cc826b0d,Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick,Democratic
ocd-person/99710435-8a59-5f14-9acd-da267980551c,Sheila Jackson Lee,Democratic
ocd-person/fd0623ac-bbc8-5c5e-839f-37148d89c36e,Sheldon Whitehouse,Democratic
ocd-person/793e5b46-2682-51ff-bfca-adf217ca9a65,Shelley Moore Capito,Republican
ocd-person/b84b6427-85e2-5d0c-b9e8-a44270378405,Sherrod Brown,Democratic
ocd-person/f2916088-1774-50ba-8023-34f7fe686e49,Shontel M. Brown,Democratic
ocd-person/cca4b382-1b0b-5872-86a8-abe74e9f6e3a,Shri Thanedar,Democratic
ocd-person/8b830e4d-1e2b-5b7b-9f71-6152222a342f,Stacey E. Plaskett,Democratic
ocd-person/5554fdf4-9035-5d23-aeb0-fee7d786fa81,Steny H. Hoyer,Democratic
ocd-person/2add0122-3206-5502-985b-18808db8f685,Stephanie I. Bice,Republican
ocd-person/cc7120d8-f57d-5841-9526-3429e9f0f2c2,Stephen F. Lynch,Democratic
ocd-person/e56dabed-c7b4-51c2-a29b-c9850bc9feff,Steve Cohen,Democratic
ocd-person/75cfdbf0-b681-5535-8a97-b53310335e72,Steve Daines,Republican
ocd-person/b86826b1-800d-5976-98fa-617ccb74ce88,Steve Scalise,Republican
ocd-person/b3fc0e27-b0a3-5106-ae4f-65d6cc93c031,Steve Womack,Republican
ocd-person/980a78cc-847f-50be-8967-6c8895ad337e,Steven Horsford,Democratic
ocd-person/e2bd9b69-7425-5f80-b432-41b690306379,Summer L. Lee,Democratic
ocd-person/a6f624bf-9a40-53ad-a0da-92f115d619aa,Susan M. Collins,Republican
ocd-person/b5356530-dd09-5b14-98f2-365d70bf4e5c,Susan Wild,Democratic
ocd-person/4333db3d-a55e-5d8e-b2ec-1041414ba2e6,Susie Lee,Democratic
ocd-person/799d9723-1f90-5558-b8c6-6f293c7eaddd,Suzan K. DelBene,Democratic
ocd-person/90d40f72-ffae-544d-86bb-b41605730fee,Suzanne Bonamici,Democratic
ocd-person/1608d897-8cf1-5902-9e45-fbd0bbd72cca,Sydney Kamlager-Dove,Democratic
ocd-person/168e0e9e-0d4c-57d2-99a6-8fc99be594be,Sylvia R. Garcia,Democratic
ocd-person/d7c97bc3-b7cb-585b-b9e3-def97fcb9db6,Tammy Baldwin,Democratic
ocd-person/c02182c1-3275-5f3e-9c66-2f0873cc72c7,Tammy Duckworth,Democratic
ocd-person/67c3f0bb-7182-51b8-98d0-253144992bfe,Ted Budd,Republican
ocd-person/c4d35f64-f25b-5888-9fcb-f3cb97df500e,Ted Cruz,Republican
ocd-person/b472f29c-b960-5cea-b5fb-0e9d4d6d10a4,Ted Lieu,Democratic
ocd-person/1548bb05-ef78-5582-9058-fd92d3c9c61c,Teresa Leger Fernandez,Democratic
ocd-person/f747c3f1-7247-5c91-9870-901ec617e884,Terri A. Sewell,Democratic
ocd-person/3ad2df38-e817-50b9-924d-9dbd4bba94a8,Thom Tillis,Republican
ocd-person/1cbf8801-61cd-5f46-93c1-0d02f110035a,"Thomas H. Kean, Jr.",Republican
ocd-person/7d1234be-d22a-5374-8022-59a795f0f3f4,Thomas Massie,Republican
ocd-person/5048bd11-acf0-5775-a75f-5f085fc8bc11,Thomas P. Tiffany,Republican
ocd-person/762f36c5-6766-5708-9066-d1d6340500d3,Thomas R. Carper,Democratic
ocd-person/4182b897-5c2e-5dff-a87c-aa7911e81a3d,Thomas R. Suozzi,Democratic
ocd-person/06b83e26-fe35-526d-86fb-7a6d80b20d1a,Tim Burchett,Republican
ocd-person/4d537f5f-04fd-578a-a8d2-61dd4972e758,Tim Kaine,Democratic
ocd-person/3bb4a99e-9448-5b35-86cd-114bd035535e,Tim Scott,Republican
ocd-person/9e622be4-95d2-5bf7-a99f-543d45400e82,Tim Walberg,Republican
ocd-person/7d860788-e85f-5f23-a7dc-133364f9d4e9,Timothy M. Kennedy,Democratic
ocd-person/f82067c3-a257-54ae-b6bd-ebe5178372e7,Tina Smith,Democratic
ocd-person/7ec39cbb-df0e-5970-aba1-5722964f55bb,Todd Young,Republican
ocd-person/34706e89-9ed8-5078-b825-f310caf5a8f6,Tom Cole,Republican
ocd-person/a0c9885f-b9f8-5045-9e74-044a886b9a6e,Tom Cotton,Republican
ocd-person/08e42c4f-2c5e-5fe0-87cf-0e8de2bdb52d,Tom Emmer,Republican
ocd-person/173a4f3f-e38f-569e-97b2-e0424195f16c,Tom McClintock,Republican
ocd-person/0ee1b661-2035-5dc1-ab1c-b87d25682775,Tommy Tuberville,Republican
ocd-person/147fa8d0-050e-585a-b299-b82e84db0845,Tony Cárdenas,Democratic
ocd-person/7e086fc4-85ff-58af-a436-5f6fa7bfa527,Tony Gonzales,Republican
ocd-person/675e8a3b-ea68-55f8-aeb8-be287fe621bd,Tracey Mann,Republican
ocd-person/c495bde9-29b3-5e71-ab0e-dedff0de9a84,Trent Kelly,Republican
ocd-person/5e3dc0b5-2afe-5b83-ab42-9352225b2235,Troy A. Carter,Democratic
ocd-person/7ba189b5-1c2a-5acd-8118-446326a8e02b,Troy Balderson,Republican
ocd-person/ec5c60e6-2666-535c-a95a-ec6ab9e02e3f,Troy E. Nehls,Republican
ocd-person/8d143b3d-646a-5199-95f5-497e17f386dd,Val T. Hoyle,Democratic
ocd-person/2b138e95-2a83-5c51-a3f4-397017c9210e,Valerie P. Foushee,Democratic
ocd-person/1e646f7b-600b-503f-9524-3ae95d00cd2d,Vern Buchanan,Republican
ocd-person/a656d2f5-2e90-535c-91d9-d27ad1150c03,Veronica Escobar,Democratic
ocd-person/8b1ad439-078b-5e79-a845-64236b87f11f,Vicente Gonzalez,Democratic
ocd-person/bdb81964-c3cc-5f48-8854-7b9c88c23755,Victoria Spartz,Republican
ocd-person/2d6b7f7f-a241-5064-9812-9506beb2b76e,Vince Fong,Republican
ocd-person/b77761e4-93cb-5fbb-972e-5d591198df8f,Virginia Foxx,Republican
ocd-person/5fdae4c2-ba21-56a4-ae8c-5e95a175a90a,W. Gregory Steube,Republican
ocd-person/1eaeee77-2e74-51b9-a70f-30e16378f080,Warren Davidson,Republican
ocd-person/2cb7c1ce-a9a1-5644-bfb8-14508d2d5f87,Wesley Hunt,Republican
ocd-person/9866e387-b0c1-5f4d-b5da-dbde28ac482a,Wiley Nickel,Democratic
ocd-person/ec0f62a4-5b85-5df2-888a-200166766b17,William R. Keating,Democratic
ocd-person/678a7e1c-3834-5536-937f-fdb30edca68e,William R. Timmons IV,Republican
ocd-person/4e28b856-d0c9-53f7-8dbd-bb9c6b99f145,Yadira Caraveo,Democratic
ocd-person/34a22a9d-abf9-5e79-91f5-e4e08be6d2c9,Young Kim,Republican
ocd-person/969d3e67-5686-5b4c-a8fe-5ec702a7343d,Yvette D. Clarke,Democratic
ocd-person/144ba1b8-981f-58d8-b85d-c38fca7d524c,Zachary Nunn,Republican
ocd-person/80764021-2b87-5b48-8999-98943700dea8,Zoe Lofgren,Democratic
1 person_id name current_party
2 ocd-person/cf441c62-91b4-52f5-b9c7-04a45290e5e4 A. Drew Ferguson IV Republican
3 ocd-person/a5212de0-6253-5b67-8473-2b00d1f22da6 Aaron Bean Republican
4 ocd-person/d1b6eea9-e526-593d-b87a-0e926c3f2303 Abigail Davis Spanberger Democratic
5 ocd-person/c5a3238c-f36a-5b17-af62-ca6dcce0b91d Adam B. Schiff Democratic
6 ocd-person/55a28978-7661-5a33-a2be-a505a07e2a8e Adam Smith Democratic
7 ocd-person/39f36070-b860-5345-a3cc-ea7fdbf7dfb3 Adrian Smith Republican
8 ocd-person/0d73f18d-36c1-526d-9d5c-5a0a63ff60af Adriano Espaillat Democratic
9 ocd-person/2ad84a53-f957-5a9c-861b-413aac608201 Al Green Democratic
10 ocd-person/fadd82ac-5031-5efd-ae39-1afc3f3cd6fb Alex Padilla Democratic
11 ocd-person/1b959af6-5bbc-5e3b-855f-9a140244c31c Alexander X. Mooney Republican
12 ocd-person/d2a8d710-a781-5a40-b6f2-e46bffcf40d2 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Democratic
13 ocd-person/76bfaf2b-8259-5f56-bce9-d1c8cd6c780d Alma S. Adams Democratic
14 ocd-person/79c4f42e-4775-5ed0-a7e1-d0c942ce6c34 Ami Bera Democratic
15 ocd-person/2722e0b1-650d-5f77-a348-f7f0d66aa3e2 Amy Klobuchar Democratic
16 ocd-person/ef4b4ed3-1808-548d-8625-2cea913c2e4a André Carson Democratic
17 ocd-person/54f931b7-9a94-5c93-8585-0967370ffb86 Andrea Salinas Democratic
18 ocd-person/5916e23e-c486-5d60-88c8-56bb65c23763 Andrew Ogles Republican
19 ocd-person/4ec1dbc4-ea21-5f61-92b1-fa55b47a4c61 Andrew R. Garbarino Republican
20 ocd-person/0dbe5471-29ea-5c84-8270-f55fee08d118 Andrew S. Clyde Republican
21 ocd-person/fe2fa2c7-83de-5bf2-b602-6ca9f7fc8a6f Andy Barr Republican
22 ocd-person/86b4b077-b73b-579b-bb73-bc5a4a73719a Andy Biggs Republican
23 ocd-person/74a68d2f-f563-50d8-80a7-408346b8ba14 Andy Harris Republican
24 ocd-person/62227c11-1ad4-5395-b233-f1f526efc5b4 Andy Kim Democratic
25 ocd-person/6b47c0e2-77d5-5126-b7a5-82bea8fb9c67 Angie Craig Democratic
26 ocd-person/273dd641-da15-5fc0-bdc9-496cc9b65fbd Angus S. King, Jr. Independent
27 ocd-person/7ed34023-b42f-57bc-af69-b36a680122f2 Ann M. Kuster Democratic
28 ocd-person/12958b9f-2301-5bdb-bf13-81b3de147574 Ann Wagner Republican
29 ocd-person/047b7a92-9713-54e5-8429-bcd2214908c7 Anna G. Eshoo Democratic
30 ocd-person/d18ec0cb-328b-54c8-8785-5f924799f5fe Anna Paulina Luna Republican
31 ocd-person/e024e123-9750-5f4e-bc3d-6d892218868d Anthony D’Esposito Republican
32 ocd-person/50705d33-6967-5424-8f57-7df22ecbc6e6 Ashley Hinson Republican
33 ocd-person/2519c079-f97e-532b-b53e-167398fd7398 August Pfluger Republican
34 ocd-person/eb3fa86b-690c-5cc0-8f5e-54af60f28a06 Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen Republican
35 ocd-person/20c33933-79f5-58d1-834c-60779932257e Austin Scott Republican
36 ocd-person/ab80da0d-902f-5d28-b765-1885853182bd Ayanna Pressley Democratic
37 ocd-person/3cbc3ca2-4447-50e2-abed-ba3fe86569d8 Barbara Lee Democratic
38 ocd-person/13e07344-3cec-5f29-a27b-2dd6979dbeb5 Barry Loudermilk Republican
39 ocd-person/b242258c-669a-53a7-be30-5f529f03398e Barry Moore Republican
40 ocd-person/510c6c69-df0f-5b09-b4c7-066256ace832 Becca Balint Democratic
41 ocd-person/bb0d60f6-19a4-5229-a67d-a1d428e7c0b2 Ben Cline Republican
42 ocd-person/5f5817b7-43b0-5bb3-93de-0f838a801635 Ben Ray Luján Democratic
43 ocd-person/18b53a95-c658-5a23-8c3e-074a7e0d27e3 Benjamin L. Cardin Democratic
44 ocd-person/c171d352-db84-5c96-8260-1fcd7eab2575 Bennie G. Thompson Democratic
45 ocd-person/a1ec37b6-9f54-529a-8165-ff96e9d8d93e Bernard Sanders Independent
46 ocd-person/861bd195-d8aa-5e72-9699-4f5ad3d5e499 Beth Van Duyne Republican
47 ocd-person/61c4224a-c1d6-5739-bca6-0db7e58d84bd Betty McCollum Democratic
48 ocd-person/851546e4-4af0-5505-8a1c-4f2a83813589 Bill Cassidy Republican
49 ocd-person/a512ad2f-4554-5b04-a00b-1de672f9099a Bill Foster Democratic
50 ocd-person/fb408324-49e1-56ad-8425-65c2a1e88103 Bill Hagerty Republican
51 ocd-person/ce06af2e-4591-560d-8f14-8f1817c9ad1f Bill Huizenga Republican
52 ocd-person/bff03292-2b2c-55fc-aa20-83dce2fccd77 Bill Pascrell, Jr. Democratic
53 ocd-person/40abdb56-d1b4-54a3-bc53-b586f8c06ac3 Bill Posey Republican
54 ocd-person/686325e7-8dc3-587d-9ee1-e0ad14202350 Blaine Luetkemeyer Republican
55 ocd-person/3854aa11-1cec-58f6-8e90-c721a0db3525 Blake D. Moore Republican
56 ocd-person/e53e5a13-c82a-5208-96d0-f6769c0d8a67 Bob Good Republican
57 ocd-person/ff55ab02-9d61-544c-8f4d-710a09d8f5db Bonnie Watson Coleman Democratic
58 ocd-person/bc26b71a-566f-57fd-9d5b-23bc27e4c4a4 Brad Finstad Republican
59 ocd-person/717ac307-3248-5726-bdcf-de58d683943f Brad R. Wenstrup Republican
60 ocd-person/4015098b-d823-5776-9b47-ceb09bf523a9 Brad Sherman Democratic
61 ocd-person/a3c68bbd-f241-52c8-a7e9-7f340f316b7a Bradley Scott Schneider Democratic
62 ocd-person/4b5ef955-4806-51d0-83f3-177000f67b3c Brandon Williams Republican
63 ocd-person/d1509871-89c0-5f39-bc3d-b55e444e3909 Brendan F. Boyle Democratic
64 ocd-person/a7ba76d3-828f-52bd-9b30-cdbacf0af2b8 Brett Guthrie Republican
65 ocd-person/e1f14f02-810c-52c5-8ad5-b2744b95a069 Brian Babin Republican
66 ocd-person/e7b50abf-92e8-56f1-a5f7-7db9a63fb43f Brian J. Mast Republican
67 ocd-person/a6a4c673-58ba-587b-b36b-7a559c379f23 Brian K. Fitzpatrick Republican
68 ocd-person/bd24fe60-5756-5d23-bcbf-4734f366c257 Brian Schatz Democratic
69 ocd-person/4f00239f-feef-59fa-87de-5a62e277bb5f Brittany Pettersen Democratic
70 ocd-person/c46204bc-8484-585e-91de-6053bd3c3cbc Bruce Westerman Republican
71 ocd-person/3203c6f1-12ea-59aa-aeb4-9faa94e04f17 Bryan Steil Republican
72 ocd-person/f5c47b2f-8eb9-51f9-b403-d41b5bdcd229 Burgess Owens Republican
73 ocd-person/c281df65-bcd6-5f42-860c-874e38bcd03a Byron Donalds Republican
74 ocd-person/6badec3f-9e2b-5f2c-8683-dd8a7ae87d9f C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger Democratic
75 ocd-person/9db37a87-2ba9-56a0-9b42-89697222e044 Carlos A. Gimenez Republican
76 ocd-person/1ad151d2-5d26-5421-9b6f-a87d4a05396f Carol D. Miller Republican
77 ocd-person/00bdfb60-1b6f-5a4a-9157-b7cafc399c46 Catherine Cortez Masto Democratic
78 ocd-person/b420935f-8662-5012-ab5a-befcdc9e39f2 Cathy McMorris Rodgers Republican
79 ocd-person/d242dd37-9f71-5412-9328-798305153967 Celeste Maloy Republican
80 ocd-person/ced62f94-88a6-5a4b-b470-89cf1ee4bdac Charles E. Schumer Democratic
81 ocd-person/640abb7e-8890-59bc-b5cb-b21c88288657 Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann Republican
82 ocd-person/78a440e5-f314-5f5b-930b-48ab822bb39a Chellie Pingree Democratic
83 ocd-person/2398f81d-6371-544d-a7ff-24cf993a716b Chip Roy Republican
84 ocd-person/22a8725b-acc8-530a-9a57-6b0a7f750fca Chris Pappas Democratic
85 ocd-person/6b768c01-2e7d-5316-9ece-d5e215648f85 Chris Van Hollen Democratic
86 ocd-person/04b67b59-b46f-5db7-96e3-a78591cf0734 Chrissy Houlahan Democratic
87 ocd-person/792faee4-b972-54ed-b42d-47b41a22ccb3 Christopher A. Coons Democratic
88 ocd-person/84a22f15-cf83-5f0b-a048-a6fc50aa60fe Christopher H. Smith Republican
89 ocd-person/ef439b89-0461-56c7-aec5-93b6369e18a7 Christopher Murphy Democratic
90 ocd-person/06299567-cfd4-5679-ad04-893e9f980275 Christopher R. Deluzio Democratic
91 ocd-person/1b8394c7-93d4-5a22-91cf-264782834b9b Chuck Edwards Republican
92 ocd-person/259d896b-e9b5-5237-9243-f5597ae0db7c Chuck Grassley Republican
93 ocd-person/3827ab20-4901-56bc-a6ea-e7c275da9eb9 Cindy Hyde-Smith Republican
94 ocd-person/21f20fe0-1075-512d-99a6-cafcebf57d20 Claudia Tenney Republican
95 ocd-person/ffc5bfa2-67c8-5743-afa6-3250b0752485 Clay Higgins Republican
96 ocd-person/dd9d3668-b18a-5102-8628-7f2972350402 Cliff Bentz Republican
97 ocd-person/45574c8a-7f88-525b-b5b8-255a8d69f335 Colin Z. Allred Democratic
98 ocd-person/adba4aa8-0d6a-5a7f-9a71-d1a9f9c5e1a0 Cori Bush Democratic
99 ocd-person/d0bb2662-40b6-52d2-94e6-2bf9d588c954 Cory A. Booker Democratic
100 ocd-person/e9c6e580-58c8-5a0c-a18c-d11c073a9964 Cory Mills Republican
101 ocd-person/b6ae1e91-803f-5ce8-98fe-86f85c52dd42 Cynthia M. Lummis Republican
102 ocd-person/e54a4532-aa1e-5e2d-b630-4f35ef10a46f Dale W. Strong Republican
103 ocd-person/ff2f62f3-ccac-57d0-bcad-47a3bfeacb79 Dan Bishop Republican
104 ocd-person/6e2bcde3-a1f5-5296-9f9f-88c71885f3db Dan Crenshaw Republican
105 ocd-person/c2de8671-10f6-5eb3-8624-a9fd877464b5 Dan Newhouse Republican
106 ocd-person/a6b5e853-563f-5b87-a14a-a1427f56b262 Dan Sullivan Republican
107 ocd-person/df0edff1-f76c-5916-b28e-f70338b23a7a Daniel Meuser Republican
108 ocd-person/4c77555b-f35d-53ca-8c7d-7950b90a1b60 Daniel S. Goldman Democratic
109 ocd-person/ba55e5b8-ac4e-5ea8-b7a8-d180e10a3562 Daniel T. Kildee Democratic
110 ocd-person/04db1dc5-1903-5913-a439-fed236ff85a3 Daniel Webster Republican
111 ocd-person/a494987e-6674-5df8-a8b2-de4b5a99de86 Danny K. Davis Democratic
112 ocd-person/a7bc3999-648e-58ed-b606-f387e825427c Darin LaHood Republican
113 ocd-person/15e5e4c2-568f-55b4-9aa2-54797027c984 Darrell Issa Republican
114 ocd-person/ef44884b-f8bf-542b-b1ae-f36c7cf8e962 Darren Soto Democratic
115 ocd-person/cf552a34-e9e1-5de9-9270-b5b441dd89fe David G. Valadao Republican
116 ocd-person/e23c900b-5d24-55cb-a1d1-73ac69e597ef David J. Trone Democratic
117 ocd-person/5beaa710-fc70-563c-9842-f885e13d9aea David Kustoff Republican
118 ocd-person/b7ff0450-1acd-5127-b3f5-7246374119a9 David P. Joyce Republican
119 ocd-person/5e9726e3-2aae-5708-9227-0e95ac43c203 David Rouzer Republican
120 ocd-person/100d00e0-275c-5bd0-960e-c24c3b50a8e5 David Schweikert Republican
121 ocd-person/e6650822-1063-5485-b062-d169ea173ec2 David Scott Democratic
122 ocd-person/501837d6-d9cc-5b1e-a2e3-e53f047192a5 Dean Phillips Democratic
123 ocd-person/1e87267c-1e9f-5e46-a266-b1d557a8571b Deb Fischer Republican
124 ocd-person/b48d0289-7d22-5bb4-bd17-b351aa3ec4a2 Debbie Dingell Democratic
125 ocd-person/ce00d736-9c65-52f1-9cdf-aff115c2b7b4 Debbie Lesko Republican
126 ocd-person/a18130ac-79f6-54ad-a80d-14b143f0742f Debbie Stabenow Democratic
127 ocd-person/7bacff4a-1d4a-5c4f-a59c-311206c181d2 Debbie Wasserman Schultz Democratic
128 ocd-person/ea21df34-9ef4-5746-b83a-700bdc2d1918 Deborah K. Ross Democratic
129 ocd-person/34d76857-187b-5f62-a2d1-ddfcd13494cf Delia C. Ramirez Democratic
130 ocd-person/0a7f80ad-caf7-5d0b-b50b-441764153649 Derek Kilmer Democratic
131 ocd-person/b96b406a-d60a-57fe-96d1-c1dd5b189ab1 Derrick Van Orden Republican
132 ocd-person/241df76f-7089-5821-ab7f-bb54d92ee9d7 Diana DeGette Democratic
133 ocd-person/b090c59e-4d88-5d35-99ba-ec3798f88978 Diana Harshbarger Republican
134 ocd-person/51152aac-2c93-5445-99ed-026df5b6ad37 Dina Titus Democratic
135 ocd-person/d409840c-63c1-53e4-9ff6-e5677cef9fe6 Don Bacon Republican
136 ocd-person/33867761-33c6-5036-b3da-43fb485b65c9 Donald G. Davis Democratic
137 ocd-person/fa65b2cc-a6a5-56fa-8c78-5bc2ecdd93e6 Donald M. Payne, Jr. Democratic
138 ocd-person/b0e4bf70-7945-5f39-bb1b-f993a59367b4 Donald Norcross Democratic
139 ocd-person/63d110f3-ccdb-5783-9d6a-4a7103f30c01 Donald S. Beyer, Jr. Democratic
140 ocd-person/5262c34c-a015-5290-9ca4-3b6ec86f4b1d Doris O. Matsui Democratic
141 ocd-person/4e34a7cb-7c10-5e5d-8086-a33ef00207bd Doug LaMalfa Republican
142 ocd-person/c4154717-8bdf-5a5e-ac05-24c35f195a78 Doug Lamborn Republican
143 ocd-person/1bc146c5-42d6-5bf7-a862-34747a4b8ed7 Dusty Johnson Republican
144 ocd-person/c9d5abc5-4c4a-5ff5-a132-8885eb020e6e Dwight Evans Democratic
145 ocd-person/acd197d4-7996-5b4c-b01d-a61702d99385 Earl Blumenauer Democratic
146 ocd-person/85e43f57-4901-52fd-9fad-57373277f5e1 Earl L. "Buddy" Carter Republican
147 ocd-person/20f1a4db-1281-5e3f-9d6d-657a3f178b3f Ed Case Democratic
148 ocd-person/bceb5ccd-31b0-5d03-894d-03cf2cbb2771 Edward J. Markey Democratic
149 ocd-person/709b6b03-c38f-540b-85f2-83c16f62d3bd Eleanor Holmes Norton Democratic
150 ocd-person/e59ccc1e-b5f0-5b86-9b5b-a8fbf6038665 Elijah Crane Republican
151 ocd-person/febd3b9d-501f-5191-aaff-87666a5af603 Elise M. Stefanik Republican
152 ocd-person/e7ebade8-8c17-50e0-ac00-70e0327b9071 Elissa Slotkin Democratic
153 ocd-person/3de20aaf-f982-5aa3-8280-c5154be829aa Elizabeth Warren Democratic
154 ocd-person/8ea538b9-6af5-5683-8b4b-9061f89691c1 Emanuel Cleaver Democratic
155 ocd-person/93c5c8f8-8311-547d-9465-9e7fdc557769 Emilia Strong Sykes Democratic
156 ocd-person/9a89c225-65e9-5680-a780-9802c17cb7c4 Eric A. "Rick" Crawford Republican
157 ocd-person/6a54b336-ad96-5ceb-a963-50fe0f56c288 Eric Burlison Republican
158 ocd-person/999df51b-9318-55b9-b0f6-d738ffc1d62d Eric Schmitt Republican
159 ocd-person/42d739b0-f570-5d50-b549-eeaa2c7507ee Eric Sorensen Democratic
160 ocd-person/032302ae-d513-5e31-bafc-8bc3cbb18d7c Eric Swalwell Democratic
161 ocd-person/c5e2bb91-8e10-5b4c-a442-bf5edb05bd45 Erin Houchin Republican
162 ocd-person/90a2bdbf-1b51-5e72-aef9-5a98c305f31d Frank D. Lucas Republican
163 ocd-person/c6c1c65f-7735-5ebb-951c-56d6cacc8ebb Frank J. Mrvan Democratic
164 ocd-person/dfcc16d4-7116-5a16-bf7f-81c6f10d8276 Frank Pallone, Jr. Democratic
165 ocd-person/bd701bdc-2944-5bb8-b4bf-e2914e6e1241 Frederica S. Wilson Democratic
166 ocd-person/c0f06e59-7d28-535f-8efe-5f49f273763d Gabe Amo Democratic
167 ocd-person/e643b29f-840b-51ac-aba1-62c85eb9e36c Gabe Vasquez Democratic
168 ocd-person/6b0fb307-b985-56d0-83d3-c17a01e9b98e Garret Graves Republican
169 ocd-person/edbfabfd-d26b-5d22-9a5d-f079181608f8 Gary C. Peters Democratic
170 ocd-person/1add3f9c-2946-50ed-92e9-fa54a98fe985 Gary J. Palmer Republican
171 ocd-person/ef3e7d6c-ac3c-58d2-9404-0b164aea0477 George S. Helmy Democratic
172 ocd-person/716b011f-3673-558d-b35f-d5a454cafa81 Gerald E. Connolly Democratic
173 ocd-person/57016d46-c931-5a93-aeb5-1ffec71fb87e Glenn Grothman Republican
174 ocd-person/3e53830a-108c-5864-92f1-9f9c8f7b1d0f Glenn Ivey Democratic
175 ocd-person/2faf9e06-f667-5b60-830f-2161dae9c77a Glenn Thompson Republican
176 ocd-person/228dc55f-1b76-5458-b344-4df46c4e632a Grace F. Napolitano Democratic
177 ocd-person/ae123357-c70e-5d29-b16f-2d17775ab0f6 Grace Meng Democratic
178 ocd-person/3b0de391-3f75-564b-9b1c-c793300ff1a9 Greg Casar Democratic
179 ocd-person/63dfcb23-8196-5bd6-a5cc-b6592d99150e Greg Landsman Democratic
180 ocd-person/b513aafd-8615-53db-910f-b0d3e4c0dec6 Greg Lopez Republican
181 ocd-person/4c0bab34-0485-54c6-8b00-15042f52fd87 Greg Pence Republican
182 ocd-person/3300ee9c-6602-5be9-9bb5-2fb7f65a8d5c Greg Stanton Democratic
183 ocd-person/3f4f5bab-eae1-594a-a93f-53c463b03d5b Gregorio Kilili Camacho Sablan Democratic
184 ocd-person/b66a5d85-c9cd-5689-a482-d175230ab86d Gregory F. Murphy Republican
185 ocd-person/372b42da-f525-5938-9a01-e21378fe287c Gregory W. Meeks Democratic
186 ocd-person/cd29931a-8dab-5ad7-8d4e-f0066cce7d4c Gus M. Bilirakis Republican
187 ocd-person/58bfb394-46c1-51e6-9f85-c3f091ddada7 Guy Reschenthaler Republican
188 ocd-person/0223a517-1c97-5425-8bca-2120c45ce2e5 Gwen Moore Democratic
189 ocd-person/562f0794-c1fb-50ee-b69c-3a01b25cfc3a H. Morgan Griffith Republican
190 ocd-person/f06d8480-e875-5184-8316-4140a912a03d Hakeem S. Jeffries Democratic
191 ocd-person/62d84fce-0ff4-53df-b7a8-4c02d1dc8654 Haley M. Stevens Democratic
192 ocd-person/8b8caa4b-52c1-54aa-bb51-bd0bccdc69b9 Harold Rogers Republican
193 ocd-person/17005404-0e78-5bcc-8a71-d67af0e033fd Harriet M. Hageman Republican
194 ocd-person/51b7316e-0885-571b-8a2e-daf54dd906bb Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. Democratic
195 ocd-person/f67869ed-f124-54ce-b870-600ae4ff20e8 Henry Cuellar Democratic
196 ocd-person/55404260-10e4-59e0-b228-2a01a21fb952 Hillary J. Scholten Democratic
197 ocd-person/dc1ded48-08a5-5981-be73-53bbbe668782 Ilhan Omar Democratic
198 ocd-person/73ff0305-598d-5558-9b5e-6834be8a503a J. French Hill Republican
199 ocd-person/86b65fd7-4549-51fa-80e8-eaf3daf3e60e J. Luis Correa Democratic
200 ocd-person/5a8792bc-1520-56aa-ab19-729008cd559b J.D. Vance Republican
201 ocd-person/5f3b131a-0f64-5d55-875a-2861e5347727 Jack Bergman Republican
202 ocd-person/e62576aa-1bf5-5664-ad0f-b1fdbcdead56 Jack Reed Democratic
203 ocd-person/2f7f8ec5-f652-5c47-8dcb-06d7bc54557c Jacky Rosen Democratic
204 ocd-person/1d87ca8c-1a95-531f-bbdd-34e1679d45d2 Jahana Hayes Democratic
205 ocd-person/a68063b7-2ce8-5638-a836-4fa7b22b3432 Jake Auchincloss Democratic
206 ocd-person/7add5a36-095e-5209-b94f-71b436555100 Jake Ellzey Republican
207 ocd-person/b4bfc55d-3cdd-5a6e-accf-912a2b2d28b8 Jake LaTurner Republican
208 ocd-person/e79a7ea4-9fcd-5c43-99b3-68bee77eb928 Jamaal Bowman Democratic
209 ocd-person/e1a8d4da-7cbd-571e-817d-774ff06bb342 James A. Himes Democratic
210 ocd-person/4f6d6ecb-8f69-5f40-9965-ac5fab1e3dba James C. Moylan Republican
211 ocd-person/57b0c699-cef2-5740-bd15-4ad2562f8975 James Comer Republican
212 ocd-person/e24e02a4-f70c-5b9e-84e2-eda2d153f80f James E. Clyburn Democratic
213 ocd-person/e8bb2501-1603-543f-9667-9089f781aa97 James E. Risch Republican
214 ocd-person/62a44404-9be2-5bbc-b672-0ed5f1aba53d James Lankford Republican
215 ocd-person/d44223bc-5f00-56aa-be61-28b5a3b4429d James P. McGovern Democratic
216 ocd-person/749232ec-b66c-5bd7-b828-10a466b95f0a James R. Baird Republican
217 ocd-person/289b4cb5-a838-5b08-8f74-e06d4d251ae7 Jamie Raskin Democratic
218 ocd-person/c5e8693c-dca3-5ff7-b456-e71d944e4fb0 Janice D. Schakowsky Democratic
219 ocd-person/3c47a44a-29b8-5aa1-b61a-9e49ea0caf99 Jared F. Golden Democratic
220 ocd-person/c2b08e7d-2372-5af6-b333-7ea2787cb3ca Jared Huffman Democratic
221 ocd-person/356c2159-c402-51d8-b4eb-697aaff46dc2 Jared Moskowitz Democratic
222 ocd-person/fafd6715-85a1-509b-98d1-6df68904f028 Jasmine Crockett Democratic
223 ocd-person/fb2f7d0c-f39b-50a6-8bdc-8bdc181683bc Jason Crow Democratic
224 ocd-person/559a5a0c-4b35-56f0-aa59-76c98e6cfb45 Jason Smith Republican
225 ocd-person/d78f994b-01dc-5dfb-a08f-fc2ca2cef7ec Jay Obernolte Republican
226 ocd-person/6d497134-2c53-5987-add8-6fffeaa96cda Jeanne Shaheen Democratic
227 ocd-person/5c67147e-00d5-5430-b1c1-59a6da4269d6 Jeff Duncan Republican
228 ocd-person/4f9693d4-e175-536f-bd51-e884f84b9a6d Jeff Jackson Democratic
229 ocd-person/96291b83-ea59-594a-97cf-630189e0b8ed Jeff Merkley Democratic
230 ocd-person/a7706596-7110-5866-935b-b44668b92af1 Jefferson Van Drew Republican
231 ocd-person/130d2a3b-6ca1-560e-b0cd-a7c08366cff3 Jennifer Kiggans Republican
232 ocd-person/6d89e5cc-c605-55ff-ba4d-b3d58d6ac1af Jennifer L. McClellan Democratic
233 ocd-person/660e8554-8d00-501a-bd27-e65689d39837 Jennifer Wexton Democratic
234 ocd-person/3f563cbe-7057-5771-b8d0-6e2e063da96f Jenniffer González-Colón Republican
235 ocd-person/d6cd4f62-7c5f-5595-ac5e-4e40741e5f3b Jerrold Nadler Democratic
236 ocd-person/6813a4c1-4353-5517-9314-5d36ecebabfd Jerry L. Carl Republican
237 ocd-person/00c39487-8eec-5494-af5e-96e9b025a39b Jerry Moran Republican
238 ocd-person/f89c416f-c08d-5251-9a31-201a5265e283 Jesús G. "Chuy" García Democratic
239 ocd-person/8bd432ce-3c98-5811-afd6-65f19c5ab6ba Jill N. Tokuda Democratic
240 ocd-person/befb976c-1369-5d86-a53f-4aeebdf486cc Jim Banks Republican
241 ocd-person/8d953afe-9b42-5c80-9f43-4ccf8af79513 Jim Costa Democratic
242 ocd-person/bc5dadc9-a085-507e-82e1-1622d9a1fc90 Jim Jordan Republican
243 ocd-person/20be777c-8a2b-54c6-9b54-df88ff19b8ae Jimmy Gomez Democratic
244 ocd-person/946e688a-6b60-567e-bea7-893eb4364acc Jimmy Panetta Democratic
245 ocd-person/d0fe7bc7-b883-5485-814f-f7cee999e409 Joaquin Castro Democratic
246 ocd-person/4938e6be-7c14-536d-a559-91c74fcc17db Jodey C. Arrington Republican
247 ocd-person/b34622c6-66c7-5f9a-822f-55e3f9ac3c73 Joe Courtney Democratic
248 ocd-person/3da2fb45-0c89-544c-b41d-888d623cf99c Joe Manchin, III Independent
249 ocd-person/04243e35-118c-5541-a21e-763c594a083a Joe Neguse Democratic
250 ocd-person/af50abf4-b711-5bbc-a920-465e39c99f42 Joe Wilson Republican
251 ocd-person/4d2b82fc-189e-5007-980f-64a85612afdb John B. Larson Democratic
252 ocd-person/80f88c07-5f6d-5ca3-8121-9202259a50f2 John Barrasso Republican
253 ocd-person/b352dd8b-dd06-57b0-833a-2b0b3bd33ad6 John Boozman Republican
254 ocd-person/d274933a-e19d-5d3b-ab91-dc6611aaadd1 John Cornyn Republican
255 ocd-person/6f500f52-75ce-5cf0-afc6-5be71f0921d2 John Fetterman Democratic
256 ocd-person/d4381c32-b267-5e35-b118-c0da3a0a80a1 John Garamendi Democratic
257 ocd-person/5ab7829c-a819-5616-ac0e-a0aaa359f493 John H. Rutherford Republican
258 ocd-person/18c027d3-52ca-5a48-a4d2-73167e382096 John Hoeven Republican
259 ocd-person/f32918a9-b738-5f20-8c3e-f95c7fda80cb John James Republican
260 ocd-person/50b75c29-4e98-5622-b60f-59485dcc1141 John Joyce Republican
261 ocd-person/7a996578-ee76-59c8-856c-4f63861a62da John Kennedy Republican
262 ocd-person/a1232c4d-25eb-555a-85a3-b2e168a086c1 John P. Sarbanes Democratic
263 ocd-person/7b014168-dc13-5568-96df-8c7cbb335268 John R. Carter Republican
264 ocd-person/7cc5139d-8e53-560c-9828-926395e1552d John R. Curtis Republican
265 ocd-person/cb38b814-2794-505a-9232-f1bd56ca3ca0 John R. Moolenaar Republican
266 ocd-person/b8e3fe12-d102-5c54-a4d2-be9d6a3f73f9 John S. Duarte Republican
267 ocd-person/342214ae-2e66-50a4-9a10-acc467bd5d98 John Thune Republican
268 ocd-person/e4ea61a6-63ea-53e6-b61e-4c735a0b7818 John W. Hickenlooper Democratic
269 ocd-person/a30feb1f-c9fe-5612-808e-8fe5a55b76dc John W. Rose Republican
270 ocd-person/4e48da38-17ab-5580-bced-2ea00b9b2843 Jon Ossoff Democratic
271 ocd-person/9f388589-39f3-5470-af3d-d74720d56afc Jon Tester Democratic
272 ocd-person/f862c305-dfc3-5525-a488-8b57d58fad50 Jonathan L. Jackson Democratic
273 ocd-person/86133add-b3ff-52c2-a71e-442b9afeff6b Joni Ernst Republican
274 ocd-person/70681900-af7f-5ee5-b826-7ab8c4194a9e Joseph D. Morelle Democratic
275 ocd-person/68651247-63fc-5dad-8071-4efef949f7fd Josh Brecheen Republican
276 ocd-person/8ce4e2db-be5a-5493-a399-b2e6061301ba Josh Gottheimer Democratic
277 ocd-person/3ed77541-5a79-56b1-94d9-79baa74e938b Josh Harder Democratic
278 ocd-person/0a7d370e-88bd-5b83-9b93-c8607c036d7a Josh Hawley Republican
279 ocd-person/47fb8c8b-1c71-5c66-9781-94be94803332 Joyce Beatty Democratic
280 ocd-person/435b9cf1-2f02-5ec2-a54e-a42ef044db07 Juan Ciscomani Republican
281 ocd-person/904bef1f-7ef4-51af-aeef-b0ac8e1fbe06 Juan Vargas Democratic
282 ocd-person/a06fc4e8-2e1e-52b6-9aef-83d9405fe16b Judy Chu Democratic
283 ocd-person/84e51316-26ee-55c7-88e8-ae3bd2b7b3cc Julia Brownley Democratic
284 ocd-person/2a914bb0-5ddc-52d0-abb0-f0cd7830fc5f Julia Letlow Republican
285 ocd-person/0963048e-e973-5563-a888-497a3bd4a492 Kat Cammack Republican
286 ocd-person/c882e018-77a3-529f-83ca-151e98d04264 Katherine M. Clark Democratic
287 ocd-person/4e9be052-7054-5a13-84af-4e5176dbac41 Kathy Castor Democratic
288 ocd-person/1c6b4ab9-cf1b-5dc1-a537-b991aff8fe5b Kathy E. Manning Democratic
289 ocd-person/7bf077d8-e8b9-503e-b9c2-d18b55951e93 Katie Boyd Britt Republican
290 ocd-person/8582a25f-087e-5d46-8c12-7dd2e5cf5417 Katie Porter Democratic
291 ocd-person/32f7cd03-4f8d-5354-b6d1-114bdd4f9af1 Kay Granger Republican
292 ocd-person/404f8ca3-d216-5c95-b5aa-17176b25aa16 Keith Self Republican
293 ocd-person/ea4b65ca-7dbf-575b-abdb-1ac17d6ebb13 Kelly Armstrong Republican
294 ocd-person/3ca12a7a-5192-58bf-ba92-c219af17d74c Ken Calvert Republican
295 ocd-person/b18c868c-a789-5a02-8070-c0c473d55304 Kevin Cramer Republican
296 ocd-person/139e15e1-4a50-5126-ad7a-b462c44f00e0 Kevin Hern Republican
297 ocd-person/4aee9639-900f-5593-aab0-b55bb3e8da51 Kevin Kiley Republican
298 ocd-person/c0400bec-65fe-5112-bf85-3a185ed0b601 Kevin Mullin Democratic
299 ocd-person/eb152f16-def8-5b51-9379-e7e463628ad6 Kim Schrier Democratic
300 ocd-person/d3f90fd1-5f64-5d18-a658-bdd021b89f46 Kirsten E. Gillibrand Democratic
301 ocd-person/79575558-ef44-5bb5-9c64-3d3fe3fb4427 Kweisi Mfume Democratic
302 ocd-person/37a72ecf-c1ae-5c91-b4ee-d72f4e9e8894 Kyrsten Sinema Independent
303 ocd-person/8d52be7e-dba0-5b01-bb9a-c0cfb72fa609 Lance Gooden Republican
304 ocd-person/0490575c-d32c-56f5-9d82-c0511ebe4fb8 Laphonza R. Butler Democratic
305 ocd-person/9b31b2fc-8303-5ad0-85d3-1051a49aedb2 Larry Bucshon Republican
306 ocd-person/96350e36-02c1-512a-8b83-fdd0dd93be88 Laurel M. Lee Republican
307 ocd-person/bbaa33e5-6ab2-5fba-bb46-35e44f89e553 Lauren Boebert Republican
308 ocd-person/9415f4f1-c2b8-5543-b695-d8cace3373f2 Lauren Underwood Democratic
309 ocd-person/b01048a9-27a5-5fed-b5ef-7bf3b3be6d04 Linda T. Sánchez Democratic
310 ocd-person/111e4df8-6815-5549-9833-57120f302f81 Lindsey Graham Republican
311 ocd-person/0b32bee9-863e-522f-99b8-9ad8e5d8f42e Lisa Blunt Rochester Democratic
312 ocd-person/f8a1c19c-3aa4-5c20-a8a4-211a40b2c540 Lisa C. McClain Republican
313 ocd-person/cd76253c-a786-586d-aaac-bd14db985c3b Lisa Murkowski Republican
314 ocd-person/b2b37c5e-17c0-5833-b5e0-fe4f93834761 Lizzie Fletcher Democratic
315 ocd-person/09fc76c2-eb6b-52c2-bc3d-de183e362df0 Lloyd Doggett Democratic
316 ocd-person/0f2326f2-b5dc-5428-bcaa-9a1078d0750c Lloyd Smucker Republican
317 ocd-person/6dca533f-6c45-5308-9d6c-b579d4baf301 Lois Frankel Democratic
318 ocd-person/dba5c00d-d539-5816-8781-e63f28d8b3e2 Lori Chavez-DeRemer Republican
319 ocd-person/f8d561c8-c0f2-5251-9d52-53289b82c7d9 Lori Trahan Democratic
320 ocd-person/b5d26a8a-2954-574c-abf8-1c232e928c9c Lucy McBath Democratic
321 ocd-person/1daf07ea-2575-511e-a5a8-47f0662cf209 Madeleine Dean Democratic
322 ocd-person/fe3cbb3c-90cd-5661-8f02-2e7da15459b8 Marc A. Veasey Democratic
323 ocd-person/014b069e-c444-50fe-99ef-bf72ae5aecd5 Marco Rubio Republican
324 ocd-person/5cc850f2-c4fa-5844-ab4c-bb44a07159ac Marcus J. Molinaro Republican
325 ocd-person/b6f3dafd-0c6e-5694-ac20-59a88e891f62 Marcy Kaptur Democratic
326 ocd-person/c59c2d02-3a1e-55a7-b1eb-638a902899d5 Margaret Wood Hassan Democratic
327 ocd-person/46c3b77a-7d00-5ecc-83d0-04c8fa05bf04 Maria Cantwell Democratic
328 ocd-person/23524e03-1206-50cb-844d-ddea47f258da Maria Elvira Salazar Republican
329 ocd-person/fc8623ea-be1e-518f-aa76-3598910fa676 Mariannette Miller-Meeks Republican
330 ocd-person/3d465b8f-2f67-5283-8cab-da3990ec8c49 Marie Gluesenkamp Perez Democratic
331 ocd-person/f0914f67-02b0-5f3c-8f03-949f79c30f62 Marilyn Strickland Democratic
332 ocd-person/7e5729d1-198d-5389-be51-d1e05969729c Mario Diaz-Balart Republican
333 ocd-person/8c511e48-a002-5f1c-a4b9-1cd18b7f7a6e Marjorie Taylor Greene Republican
334 ocd-person/baf62641-318a-58be-bb76-f7c6aeb97684 Mark Alford Republican
335 ocd-person/a1d66d4f-5f94-5605-9e25-96c8f5b4e2df Mark DeSaulnier Democratic
336 ocd-person/e58ac762-d546-52f3-8efd-8a2c8f12f731 Mark E. Amodei Republican
337 ocd-person/92fdf72b-20aa-5d08-83b8-833c4714b0ac Mark E. Green Republican
338 ocd-person/30665d55-5695-5ede-930d-c92e63e4ee65 Mark Kelly Democratic
339 ocd-person/50093b91-c03b-5dbf-acb8-e5881dd576e4 Mark Pocan Democratic
340 ocd-person/0149412b-3e52-5743-bf11-a11ef4a98856 Mark R. Warner Democratic
341 ocd-person/d01bffb6-a515-5ca5-8203-3a9b8d5da15e Mark Takano Democratic
342 ocd-person/c1fcdb86-e58e-59ed-94f2-40e481824423 Markwayne Mullin Republican
343 ocd-person/fad2ab8c-d191-5eb8-9bd8-5bbc44a35f0d Marsha Blackburn Republican
344 ocd-person/fb46b038-d2a8-5824-bb36-deb07f8d9f54 Martin Heinrich Democratic
345 ocd-person/b98a30a0-ae7f-5910-9883-3132a7164446 Mary E. Miller Republican
346 ocd-person/4dc45e4a-78e1-545f-94c1-10c1d9a12f15 Mary Gay Scanlon Democratic
347 ocd-person/be59b2eb-82fa-5b34-af53-30a9aa8b1123 Mary Sattler Peltola Democratic
348 ocd-person/1f22bb4c-3315-53ae-848a-e30bb8fec18e Matt Cartwright Democratic
349 ocd-person/89e031c0-3988-5b08-b7a3-7d4e63eb0579 Matt Gaetz Republican
350 ocd-person/5b030c5d-0d50-5452-b2f8-95f8659056fb Matthew M. Rosendale, Sr. Republican
351 ocd-person/a26ef77d-1f50-5c77-918d-83f917ac83fb Max L. Miller Republican
352 ocd-person/fc7a4a9e-9274-546f-ae5c-bcf46f3fe0f2 Maxine Waters Democratic
353 ocd-person/f0bef4bc-bb68-55ca-afb8-9104567b2f17 Maxwell Frost Democratic
354 ocd-person/ee89a520-227a-575d-8379-5d36b6e6b2a2 Mazie K. Hirono Democratic
355 ocd-person/e3c837d0-9b42-53c9-a131-896bb28aa319 Melanie A. Stansbury Democratic
356 ocd-person/91ba3b6a-a4c8-54ab-8964-8498641a6d8f Michael A. Rulli Republican
357 ocd-person/e40d8398-4cca-57bb-a8cc-8376230801d4 Michael C. Burgess Republican
358 ocd-person/da5e831e-227c-58a1-bf1a-86782158fb57 Michael Cloud Republican
359 ocd-person/16a0a125-6ebe-58b3-810f-df10c0e7df1f Michael F. Bennet Democratic
360 ocd-person/6b015607-c3dd-5867-a1bb-733bf84fe091 Michael Guest Republican
361 ocd-person/ba023811-213b-5bb1-a0dc-11a9458364f1 Michael K. Simpson Republican
362 ocd-person/029be488-4aad-5a5f-95f1-7ab1aaf27c29 Michael Lawler Republican
363 ocd-person/bac6c65d-846b-5e60-9532-fa216c99ccf6 Michael R. Turner Republican
364 ocd-person/15d37180-ddd2-5bb6-8dd4-cdd2690eca86 Michael T. McCaul Republican
365 ocd-person/f335088b-3b7b-5009-9dd9-f389ffe59cdb Michael Waltz Republican
366 ocd-person/66724fb4-e553-59cb-b8ba-314e3bf9f1ea Michelle Fischbach Republican
367 ocd-person/b95a5cd3-53ca-5f03-8b14-703add32cf84 Michelle Steel Republican
368 ocd-person/f49d7d57-812e-584d-85f7-0c3b547bfca4 Mike Bost Republican
369 ocd-person/c3e17251-9796-592a-a8ed-8dea288dadf7 Mike Braun Republican
370 ocd-person/e2402add-94f2-53fa-9f40-69ba590c744f Mike Carey Republican
371 ocd-person/0f7a88d1-4e4c-565a-b905-706181d7b561 Mike Collins Republican
372 ocd-person/9243a3a9-4e91-5fc8-9643-ae46455b688b Mike Crapo Republican
373 ocd-person/fef4e629-aa7e-5bc5-9128-abfce1af96d5 Mike Ezell Republican
374 ocd-person/51e14e3d-a2c7-5d16-81d5-6608049b5d7e Mike Flood Republican
375 ocd-person/0f9b050b-b8cf-56d9-bc31-edfcdd3c2fe5 Mike Gallagher Republican
376 ocd-person/db31d257-8b81-52c8-a2e1-d26c6ee4a8be Mike Garcia Republican
377 ocd-person/ef2a1e73-edb7-5f53-9f61-da2020fc417d Mike Johnson Republican
378 ocd-person/72511635-46e3-536d-8880-b32c7cf3e470 Mike Kelly Republican
379 ocd-person/461257ff-088f-5edd-b342-4652ce1c111f Mike Lee Republican
380 ocd-person/ac0c3c4b-14c8-5bc1-bb8b-001af291ee3d Mike Levin Democratic
381 ocd-person/b8578429-a84d-5542-a903-02feaee3a7d4 Mike Quigley Democratic
382 ocd-person/612162b9-752c-50f4-b2e5-de10dae5c160 Mike Rogers Republican
383 ocd-person/bfd392c5-2d61-56fa-94c6-ea12aaee7ea6 Mike Rounds Republican
384 ocd-person/237700e9-fd25-5daa-a301-2fde714f5923 Mike Thompson Democratic
385 ocd-person/bbe70084-5f54-5897-8518-a9467558a4b1 Mikie Sherrill Democratic
386 ocd-person/200bd7b3-ce8e-5541-a649-b53e30862567 Mitch McConnell Republican
387 ocd-person/2279327b-86e8-5baf-ad04-7b3e20f3da0c Mitt Romney Republican
388 ocd-person/c03dd126-0872-5937-9967-68aedb1ab964 Monica De La Cruz Republican
389 ocd-person/868d6300-e9e7-5df4-bfe1-2e7fd1a632ac Morgan Luttrell Republican
390 ocd-person/d9c43ab0-97c8-565b-80cf-9da35c1ccbee Morgan McGarvey Democratic
391 ocd-person/c50627f5-6447-55e3-9ca9-183daf188b58 Nancy Mace Republican
392 ocd-person/8056c810-7170-5009-88c3-a670ab30164b Nancy Pelosi Democratic
393 ocd-person/5ec7a759-2c3a-5270-8328-13c7ac611580 Nanette Diaz Barragán Democratic
394 ocd-person/0c6bf250-87f0-5c8b-8c0f-31366a703a37 Nathaniel Moran Republican
395 ocd-person/cebc95c4-7c20-58c5-829c-c3391f0761fa Neal P. Dunn Republican
396 ocd-person/a4321566-0258-5d46-bc51-c1f77ba95ba0 Nicholas A. Langworthy Republican
397 ocd-person/30fe5d74-0224-5d11-92d2-5766471e6cc5 Nick LaLota Republican
398 ocd-person/d47735a4-c407-5389-bfd2-f638ffccdd06 Nicole Malliotakis Republican
399 ocd-person/132a1bba-204a-5d4f-a406-40b4342bad1b Nikema Williams Democratic
400 ocd-person/f2c67d83-e6fb-5fa9-aa38-663e9f62e81b Nikki Budzinski Democratic
401 ocd-person/32caaab6-5712-57c2-83c6-7b226b2c1056 Norma J. Torres Democratic
402 ocd-person/bc18d350-32b2-5e37-8b43-6f85ae9b5b09 Nydia M. Velázquez Democratic
403 ocd-person/425d847d-6fbf-55a7-a117-76bca5e3f299 Pat Fallon Republican
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