02/03 updates

This commit is contained in:
James Turk 2024-10-04 22:56:07 -05:00
parent c0b01741bd
commit 7441411be5
11 changed files with 174 additions and 113 deletions

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<h1 id="perception--color">Perception &amp; Color</h1>
<h2 id="capp-30239">CAPP 30239</h2>
</section>
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<h2 id="today">Today</h2>
<ul>
<li>What matters most when creating a visualization?</li>
@ -25,10 +25,10 @@
<li>Understanding <strong>color</strong>, and computational representations of it.</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="what-is-the-most-important-question-when-creating-a-visualization">What is the most important question when creating a visualization?</h2>
</section>
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<h2 id="what-is-the-most-important-question-when-creating-a-visualization-1">What is the most important question when creating a visualization?</h2>
<ul>
<li><s>Where will the data come from?</s>
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<li>Who is the audience?</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="audience-first">Audience First</h2>
<ul>
<li>Who are you presenting to?</li>
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</ul>
<p><em>Only now can we start thinking about data and presentation.</em></p>
</section>
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<h2 id="perception">Perception</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Selective</strong> - We can only pay attention to so much.</li>
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<li><strong>Limited working memory</strong> - We hold a very limited set of information in our minds at once.</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="what-do-you-see">What do you see?</h2>
<div class="container">
<div class="col">
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</div>
</div>
</section>
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<h2 id="what-do-you-see-1">What do you see?</h2>
<div class="container">
<div class="col">
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</div>
</div>
</section>
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<h2 id="effectiveness-revisited">Effectiveness Revisited</h2>
<p><img src="effectiveness.png" alt="" style="width:800px;" /></p>
</section>
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<div class="container">
<div class="col">
<p><strong>Altair Channels</strong></p>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
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<p><strong>Derived Properties</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Length/Area - size of bars (<code>X</code>, <code>Y</code>)</li>
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</ul>
<p>What about <em>volume</em>?</p>
</section>
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<h2 id="stevens-power-law">Stevens' Power Law</h2>
<p>Stevens (1975): Human response to sensory stimulus is characterized by a power law with different exponents with different stimuli.</p>
<p>perception = (magnitude of sensation)<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>Smaller <sup>a</sup> exponent: harder to perceive changes.</p>
<p>Stevens measured values of a by exposing people to varied stimulus and asking them to compare magnitudes.</p>
</section>
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<div class="container"><div class="col">
<p><img src="stevens.png" alt="" /></p>
</div><div class="col">
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</table>
</div></div>
</section>
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<h2 id="3d-graphs">3D Graphs</h2>
<p><img src="stunning-3d-chart.jpg" alt="" /></p>
</section>
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<p><img src="datavizproject.png" alt="" /></p>
</section>
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<p><img src="3d-scatter.png" alt="" /></p>
</section>
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<h2 id="instead-of-3d-graphs">Instead of 3D Graphs</h2>
<ul>
<li>Find other channels: hue &amp; size are good candidates. (bubble chart)</li>
<li>Or make multiple 2D graphs with XY/YZ/XZ pairs.</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="what-is-color">What is Color?</h2>
<p>Wavelengths of light are perceived as particular colors:<br />
<img src="linear_visible_spectrum.svg.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>What's missing?</p>
</section>
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<h2 id="color--the-eye">Color &amp; the Eye</h2>
<h3 id="rods">Rods</h3>
<ul>
@ -225,26 +225,26 @@
<li>hue &amp; saturation</li>
</ul>
</section>
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</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="20" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="spectrum-vs-what-we-see">Spectrum vs. What We See</h2>
<p>What we actually see is always a blend of multiple peaks.</p>
<p>This is impacted by ambient light conditions, as well as quirks of our visual processing.</p>
<p><img src="the-dress.jpg" alt="" style="height:400px;" /></p>
<p>In actuality, multiple combinations of light can give same color (<strong>metamers</strong>).</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="chromatic-adaptation">Chromatic Adaptation</h2>
<p><img src="demo-bw-illusion-andrew-steele.gif" alt="" /></p>
<p>Source: Andrew Steele <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-XYsDNh4-886rMNLnnwR_w">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-XYsDNh4-886rMNLnnwR_w</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;xkcd-color-map.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="22" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;xkcd-color-map.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="22" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="color-naming">Color Naming</h2>
<p>Color naming is highly subjective, and research has shown that the ability to name a color correlates highly with the ability to distinguish it.</p>
<p>Be particularly careful with blue/green boundaries, as there are significant cultural differences.</p>
<p>Source: <a href="https://blog.xkcd.com/2010/05/03/color-survey-results/">https://blog.xkcd.com/2010/05/03/color-survey-results/</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;hok-uk.svg&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="23" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;hok-uk.svg&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="23" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="cultural-considerations">Cultural Considerations</h2>
<ul>
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
<li>Most other colors have contradictory meanings depending on culture. For example, yellow might be chosen to denote success (parts of Africa) or be associated with death (Middle East).</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;colorblind.jpg&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="24" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;colorblind.jpg&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="24" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="color-vision-deficiency">Color Vision Deficiency</h2>
<p>More accurate name for what is commonly known as colorblindness.</p>
<ul>
@ -266,17 +266,17 @@
<li>rarest, complete lack of color vision, usually corresponds to other vision issues as well</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;cmyk.svg&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="25" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;cmyk.svg&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="25" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="color-on-a-page">Color on a Page</h2>
<p>Ink absorbs light, so we work with subtractive blending. Our base colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow. To save on ink costs, we throw in black/contrast as well.</p>
<p>We call this CMYK color.</p>
</section>
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</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;additive.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="26" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="color-on-a-screen">Color on a Screen</h2>
<p>Screens emit light, which means we use <strong>additive blending</strong> of red, green, and blue light. Every pixel of a screen can emit these three colors in different intensities.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;rgb-khan.jpg&quot;);background-size:700px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="27" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;rgb-khan.jpg&quot;);background-size:700px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="27" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="color-spaces">Color Spaces</h2>
<p>Ways of describing a color mathematically, usually have 3 components to match our perception of color:</p>
<ul>
@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
<li>HSB/HSV/HSL (1970s)</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;rgb-pixels.jpg&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="28" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;rgb-pixels.jpg&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="28" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<p>A common way to refer to colors is by their intensity in each of these three channels.</p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(0% 100% 0%)">this is 0% red, 100% green, 0% blue intensity (#00ff00)</span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(20% 60% 20%)">this is 20% red, 60% green, 20% blue intensity: (#143c14)</span><br />
@ -293,26 +293,26 @@
<p>This is sometimes expressed in hexadecimal:</p>
<p><img src="hexrgb.png" alt="" style="height:120px;" /></p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="29" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="29" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h3 id="rgb-space-as-a-cube">RGB space as a cube</h3>
<p><img src="LinearRGBCube.png" alt="cube" /></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="30" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="30" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h3 id="rgb-as-pair-plots">RGB as pair plots</h3>
<p><img src="RGBPairPlots.png" alt="pair plots" /></p>
<p>Remember this trick for your own 3-dimensional data!</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="31" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="31" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<p><img src="TriangleSliceRGB.png" alt="" style="height:500px;" /></p>
<p>A slice through the middle of the cube gives colors of comparable brightness. (You may have seen such a triangle in color pickers.)</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="32" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="32" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="hsl">HSL</h2>
<p><img src="HSL.png" alt="" style="height:500px;" /></p>
<p>An alternative color space that's very useful for visualization is HSL color space.</p>
<p>Hue, Saturation, Lightness | <a href="https://hslpicker.com/">https://hslpicker.com/</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="33" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="33" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="aside-what-about-alpha">Aside: What about &quot;alpha&quot;?</h2>
<p>You will often see a fourth channel: RGB<strong>A</strong>, HSL<strong>A</strong>.</p>
<p>This is known as alpha transparency (translucency).</p>
@ -322,20 +322,20 @@
<li>Variations are very subtle, and background dependent.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;cie-xyz.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="34" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;cie-xyz.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="34" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="cie-rgb--xyz--cielab">CIE (RGB / XYZ / CIELAB)</h2>
<p>Based on human perception experiments where people would adjust dials to recreate colors out of red, green, and blue light.</p>
<p>First from 1920s, revised in 1970s.</p>
<p><em>Commission internationale de l'éclairage</em> (Illumination)</p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;gamut2.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="35" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;gamut2.png&quot;);"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720"><section id="35" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="screen-gamut">Screen Gamut</h2>
<p>Screens can't show the entire range of visible colors accurately, they define a &quot;gamut&quot;. Since ~1996 most devices aim at a standard gamut to ensure similar representations of color, but even high end devices are not perfectly aligned.</p>
<p>Projectors (like the one you're likely viewing this on) usually have skewed gamut.</p>
<p>Moral of the story: <strong>Consider your medium!</strong></p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="36" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="36" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="what-does-all-this-mean-for-visualization">What does all this mean for visualization?</h2>
<p>Color choices should be made with respect to:</p>
<ul>
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
<li>differentiability</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="37" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="37" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="role-of-color">Role of Color</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Identify</strong> - Different color per category/actor.
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="38" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="38" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="color-channels--data-types">Color Channels &amp; Data Types</h2>
<h3 id="lightness-is-perceived-as-ordered">Lightness is perceived as ordered</h3>
<p>Good for <strong>Ordinal</strong> variables</p>
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
<p><strong>Nominal</strong> variables.</p>
<p><img src="nominal.png" alt="" style="height:50px;" /></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="39" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="39" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h3 id="types-of-palettes">Types of Palettes</h3>
<ul>
<li>Qualitative - Nominal data</li>
@ -389,27 +389,37 @@
</ul>
<p><img src="palette-types.jpg" alt="" /></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;vega-schemes.png&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720" x="50%"><section id="40" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left">
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;vega-schemes.png&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720" x="50%"><section id="40" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left">
<h3 id="hue-separation">Hue Separation</h3>
<p>Pick distinct hues for unrelated variables.</p>
<p>Grouped schemes can be used where there are relationships among the categories.</p>
<p><a href="https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/schemes/">https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/schemes/</a></p>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;vega-schemes-bw.jpg&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720" x="50%"><section id="41" data-theme="yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yfx7y6e7t8lvd0h7gw3kb73d4n3rf71zt98r1hyu3pat;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left">
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="41" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;">
<h2 id="color-tips">Color Tips</h2>
<ul>
<li>Aim for no more than ~6 colors that need to be distinguished.</li>
<li>Colors should be distinct &amp; differentiable by name.</li>
<li>Be mindful of cultural considerations &amp; symbolism.</li>
<li>Ensure color schemes chosen appropriately for types of data.</li>
<li>&quot;Get it right in black &amp; white&quot;</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;vega-schemes-bw.jpg&quot;);background-size:600px auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="50%" height="720" x="50%"><section id="42" data-theme="yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26" lang="en-US" style="--theme:yef5m190wtxacd3wqjl5sjh82ihvf03ftp4k7ngl26;--marpit-advanced-background-split:50%;" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="left">
<h2 id="get-it-right-in-black--white">&quot;Get it right in black &amp; white&quot;</h2>
<p>A common mantra among visual designers.</p>
<p>Ensure that your hues have different brightness levels.</p>
<p>Ensure that you aren't using hue alone for your image.</p>
</section>
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<h2 id="text-legibility">Text Legibility</h2>
<p>An important issue when using colored text and/or backgrounds is <strong>legibility</strong>.</p>
<p>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines require a 4.5 color contrast (3:1 for large text).</p>
<p>Minimize <em>saturation</em> in backgrounds, pick a font color with opposing <em>lightness</em>.</p>
<p><a href="https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/">https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/</a></p>
</section>
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<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<ul>
<li>Vega Schemes: <a href="https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/schemes/">https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/schemes/</a></li>
@ -426,7 +436,7 @@
<li>Browser extensions (search &quot;colorblindness&quot; in your browser of choice)</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="acknowledgements--references">Acknowledgements &amp; References</h2>
<p>Thanks to Alex Hale, Andrew McNutt, and Jessica Hullman for sharing their materials.</p>
<p>Color space images are from <a href="https://jamie-wong.com/post/color/">https://jamie-wong.com/post/color/</a>, which is an incredible resource if you'd like to go deeper into both the biology and math of color.</p>

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@ -473,6 +473,17 @@ Grouped schemes can be used where there are relationships among the categories.
<https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/schemes/>
---
## Color Tips
- Aim for no more than ~6 colors that need to be distinguished.
- Colors should be distinct & differentiable by name.
- Be mindful of cultural considerations & symbolism.
- Ensure color schemes chosen appropriately for types of data.
- "Get it right in black & white"
---
## "Get it right in black & white"
@ -500,7 +511,6 @@ Minimize *saturation* in backgrounds, pick a font color with opposing *lightness
![bg left width:600px](contrast.png)
---
## Tools
@ -530,4 +540,3 @@ Color space images are from <https://jamie-wong.com/post/color/>, which is an in
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevens%27s_power_law
- https://colorusage.arc.nasa.gov
- https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/schemes/

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@ -53,13 +53,15 @@ Graph length increase: 783%
How many children get a spinal injury every year? (out of 74,000,000 children in US)
Note: there are only 22,000 total spinal cord injuries a year in America (and most are 16-30yo).
<!-- .0000003% -->
---
3. Write out explanation of the data on the graphic itself. **Label important events** in the data.
![](labeled.png)
![bg right width:600px](labeled.png)
---
@ -73,13 +75,29 @@ Exception: It is OK/common to pair color & shape, or for print color & texture t
---
## Misleading Axes
## Axes/Scale Mistakes
- not starting at 0
- dual axes
- pie charts that don't add up to 100
- Carefully consider not starting at zero.
- Beware dual axes.
- Consider audience when using log scale.
- Related: No pie charts that don't add up to 100%
---
![bg fit](tools_misleading_axes.png)
---
![bg fit](fox-bar.jpg)
---
![bg vertical fit](1080.png)
---
![bg fit](5920.png)
TODO: add examples
---
@ -138,6 +156,7 @@ via junkcharts.typepad.com
- X/Y: Nominal (Binned Numerical - Histogram)
- Y/X: Quantitative
- Area must be relevant on bar charts: no log scales/cut axes!
![](bars.png)
@ -184,7 +203,7 @@ Sum of stacked axis variable **must have meaning**.
### Pie / Donut / Radial Charts
![](pyramid.png)
![bg right fit](pyramid.png)
Theta: Quantitative (ratio)
Color: Nominal
@ -193,6 +212,8 @@ Direct comparison of segments is very difficult at n > 2.
Only use when most important information is ratio between sizes, and relatively few categories.
**Must add up to 100%**
---
![](pie-comparison.png)
@ -228,7 +249,7 @@ Bubble charts use size as a 3rd dimension.
![facet](facet.png)
![bg right](small-maps.png)
![bg right fit](small-maps.png)
<!-- source: https://www.juiceanalytics.com/writing/better-know-visualization-small-multiples -->
@ -236,6 +257,12 @@ Useful when there is a nominal variable being compared across two other dimensio
---
![bg fit](obama-treemap.png)
<!-- source https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/interactive-budget -->
---
### Map Basics
Two most common:
@ -256,13 +283,13 @@ Two most common:
## Two choropleths, same data.
![bg width:600px](arcgis-chorolpleth.png)
![bg right vertical width:600px](arcgis-chorolpleth.png)
![bg width:600px](arcgis-choropleth2.png)
![bg right width:600px](arcgis-choropleth2.png)
<!-- source: https://carto.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7475c5788efe4c75a9642f552f61d568 -->
Unit of measurement is incredibly important.
Color scale & unit of measurement is incredibly important.
Consider alternatives if district/population sizes vary significantly.
@ -272,8 +299,11 @@ Consider alternatives if district/population sizes vary significantly.
**When in doubt...**
- 95% of visualizations should be some variation of the common types.
- Focus on Tufte's rules for clarity.
9 out of 10 visualizations should be some variation of the common types.
This does not need to hamper creativity, in the right context a little flourish can add a lot. But ensure that it does not obfuscate the data.
Focus on Tufte's principles & ask for feedback!
---
@ -323,14 +353,12 @@ by ulaniulani on flickr
### When it's OK to use 3D
You have data that truly makes more sense in 3D.
You have data that relates to a spatial third dimension.
and/or
You work at CERN.
![bg right width:700px](lhc.png)
![bg vertical right](snowfall.png)
![bg right fit](lhc.png)
(Image: Snowfall, NY Times)
(Image: CERN Large Hadron Collider)
---

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