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<h1 id="narratives">Narratives</h1>
<h2 id="capp-30239">CAPP 30239</h2>
</section>
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<h2 id="today">Today</h2>
<ul>
<li>What types of data visualization narratives exist?</li>
<li>Practical advice on creating publications &amp; pages.</li>
<li>Narrative Examples</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="crafting-a-narrative">Crafting a Narrative</h2>
<p><strong>Narrative</strong> = <strong>Visualization</strong> + <strong>Context</strong></p>
<h3 id="benefits">Benefits</h3>
<ul>
<li>More engaged audience.
<ul>
<li>Greussing &amp; Boomgaarden, Digital Journalism 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Better learning outcomes.
<ul>
<li>Mayer, Multimedia Principles, 2005.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Promote active reading.
<ul>
<li>Victor, Explorable Explanations, 2011.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Persuasiveness of data.
<ul>
<li>Murray, Data Visualization And The Power Of Persuasion, 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="storytelling">Storytelling</h2>
<p>Instead of a loosely connected series of images, take reader on a journey with a beginning, middle, and end.</p>
<ul>
<li>Beginning: Required Context, Pose Questions</li>
<li>Middle: Exposition &amp; Exploration</li>
<li>End: Conclusion and/or Further Questions</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="risks">Risks</h2>
<p><strong>Oversimplification.</strong> Constraints of format can lead to the need to simplify, finding the right balance requires skill, practice, and knowledge of audience.</p>
<p><strong>Bias.</strong> All narratives require interpretation, which can be a source of bias. We should not compromise on <strong>graphical integrity</strong> to make our point, or suggest conclusions that are not supported by the data.</p>
</section>
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<h2 id="news-article-format">News Article Format</h2>
<p><strong>Lede/Lead</strong> - Opening paragraph. Summarize key ideas &amp; grab attention.<br />
<strong>&quot;Nut Graf&quot;</strong> - Nutshell paragraph. Immediately follows lead. Gives overview of why topic is important, and introduce key ideas to be explored in article.</p>
<p>&quot;<strong>Inverted Pyramid</strong>&quot;</p>
<p>Other Formats: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_structure">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_structure</a></p>
<p>TODO: examples</p>
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<h2 id="medium-is-the-message">Medium is the Message</h2>
<p>The nature of a narrative is shaped by (dominated by?) the medium chosen.</p>
<p>Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, 1964.</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="infographic">Infographic</h2>
<p>Typically a single-page image with an arrangement of graphics, tables, and brief narratives.</p>
<p>Typically aimed at general audiences, easy to share online, can be designed to work well in print.</p>
<p>TODO: examples</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="live-presentation">Live Presentation</h2>
<p>A live presentation with slides.</p>
<p>Special consideration should be given to legibility from a distance.</p>
<p>If detailed visualizations play a role: consider print versions.</p>
<p>TODO: examples</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="animations--videos">Animations &amp; Videos</h2>
<p>Animation can be used to show change, uncertainty, or relationships.</p>
<p>Video can blend presentation with commentary and narrative.</p>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen?subtitle=en">The best stats you've ever seen - Hans Rosling</a><br />
TODO: examples</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="interactive-stories">Interactive Stories</h2>
<p>Take advantage of web as a medium.</p>
<p>Can seamlessly blend text, images, audio and video, and interactive elements.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/projects/2012/snow-fall/index.html#/?part=tunnel-creek">NYT Snow Fall</a><br />
TODO: examples</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="interactive-articles">Interactive Articles</h2>
<p>TODO: 5 affordances</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="what-skills-do-you-need">What Skills Do You Need?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Writing</li>
<li>Design</li>
<li>Programming (particularly for interactives)</li>
<li>Subject-matter expertise</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="svg-vs-png-vs-jpg">SVG vs PNG vs JPG</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>SVG</strong> - Scalable Vector Graphics format.</li>
<li><strong>PNG</strong> - Lossless raster image format. Should be preferred if SVG is not an option.</li>
<li><strong>JPG</strong> - Image format that uses compression, suitable for photographs but not fine details in visualizations.</li>
</ul>
<p>TODO: images</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="document-formats">Document Formats</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>PDF</strong> - Portable Document Format - A vector-based format aimed at entire documents. PDF documents are aligned to paper sizes, great for printing, but less flexible on modern devices.</li>
<li><strong>HTML</strong> - HyperText Markup Language - The language of the web, focused on <em>semantics</em> over layout. A document can appear differently on different devices.</li>
<li><strong>CSS</strong> - Cascading Style Sheets - A <em>styling</em> language that, when applied to an HTML document controls visual appearance.</li>
<li><strong>Markdown</strong> - Simplified markup language that can be converted to HTML or PDF with various tools. Offers <strong>much</strong> less control over formatting than other options.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="in-practice">In Practice</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Most professional data visualization starts with data-driven tools (code-driven like Altair or no-code like Tableau), which are then exported as SVG.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Those SVGs will then be embedded in a larger graphic or HTML page.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Export/render to final form(s):</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>For web presentation: HTML/CSS will be the final form. If interactivity is at play, JavaScript will be a part of the process.</li>
<li>For print or PDF: The intermediate format used by a print design tool will be exported to a PDF of the appropriate size &amp; resolution.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="tools-typesetting-languages">Tools: Typesetting Languages</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>LaTeX</strong> - PDF-focused, almost anything via plugins/pandoc.
<ul>
<li><a href="https://overleaf.com">Overleaf</a> - online editor and compiler.</li>
<li><a href="https://tectonic-typesetting.github.io/en-US/">Tectonic</a> - local LateX compiler.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://typst.app">Typst</a></strong> - PDF-focused, (HTML coming soon).</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://quarto.org">Quarto</a></strong> - Can use mix of Markdown, Python, R, and Julia. Jupyter notebook compatible. Can generate PDFs or HTML from same source document.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="tools-vector-graphics-editors">Tools: Vector Graphics Editors</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://inkscape.org">Inkscape</a></strong> - Free &amp; Open Source SVG editor. My recommendation for this class if you don't have prior experience with other options.</li>
<li><strong>Adobe Illustrator</strong> - Vector graphics editor, part of Adobe Creative Suite. Dominant option for many years. (Most expensive.)</li>
<li><strong>Affinity Designer</strong> - Competitor to Illustrator, much cheaper, full-featured, and gaining popularity because of Adobe's subscription model &amp; business practices.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="honorable-mentions">Honorable Mentions</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>BoxySVG</strong> - Online/browser-based SVG editor.</li>
<li><strong>Canva</strong> - Popular for infographics, collection of free clip art/etc.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="19" data-theme="d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh" lang="en-US" style="--theme:d356ztsjf1ng059ysmpfw82l9b61f1ihss7d2x3azxoh;">
<h2 id="references--acknowledgements">References &amp; Acknowledgements</h2>
<ul>
<li>Thanks to Alex Kale.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/evamurray/2019/02/11/data-visualization-and-the-power-of-persuasion/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/evamurray/2019/02/11/data-visualization-and-the-power-of-persuasion/</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
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